Zumba Queen vs. Dark Lies: Space Gets Wild

🎙 Guest: Guadalupe Cañas Herrera, Theoretical Cosmologist and Euclid Consortium Member

The Cosmic Scoop:

What’s driving the universe’s wild expansion? Dark energy and dark matter make up 95% of the cosmos—but we barely understand them. Enter Euclid, launched in July 2023 to map a 3D universe and crack these mysteries. Guadalupe Cañas Herrera, a key player in the mission, takes us 10 billion light-years into the past, challenging Einstein’s gravity and rethinking the “dark” labels we’ve slapped on the unknown. Bonus: she also brings Zumba energy to cosmology.

Quotable Insights:

💡 "We completely messed up in terms of assigning 'dark' to dark energy and dark matter—like, it was a fraud in terms of marketing."

 💡 "I prefer to believe that mathematically we’re still not there yet—so we must revisit Einstein’s equations rather than assume some hidden fuel."

 💡 "Statistically, it’s so unlikely that we’re alone—we’re on an average planet, in an average galaxy, in an average universe."

Cosmic Timestamps:

⏳ [00:01:45] The dream for Euclid: challenging the standard model
⏳ [00:03:15] Modified gravity vs. dark energy
⏳ [00:05:00] Why “dark” was a branding blunder
⏳ [00:08:45] How dark energy pushes the universe apart
⏳ [00:12:20] Teaching relativity with a Nobel-worthy twist
⏳ [00:15:09] Euclid’s place in cosmology’s big picture
⏳ [00:19:28] Mapping 1.5 billion galaxies from Lagrange Point 2
⏳ [00:23:57] Measuring distance with redshift and spectra
⏳ [01:08:17] Is the universe homogeneous?
⏳ [01:12:17] Are we alone? Guadalupe says, “Definitely not!”
⏳ [01:18:38] Zumba vibes: her cosmic playlist pick
⏳ [01:20:56] Inspiration tip: Write down wild ideas—you’ll come back to them

To Explore:

🔗 Euclid Mission
🔗 First Images from Euclid
🔗 ESA on Dark Energy
🔗 Send us a voice message
🔗 Zumba Track – "Zumba - Merengue Mix"

Spread the Cosmic Love!

🚀 Enjoyed this episode? Share it with friends, stargazers, and curious minds!
 📩 Subscribe on Substack
🔗 Connect with Markus on LinkedIn

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Transcript

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[00:00:00] Guadaloupe: we completely messed up in terms of assigning dark to dark energy and to dark matter.

[00:00:05] Guadaloupe: Like it was a fraud in terms of marketing and definitely not the

[00:00:09] Guadaloupe: best [00:00:10] decision.

[00:00:10] Markus: Hello everyone. This is the Space Cafe podcast, and I'm Marcus. Let me read something to you. I'm a theoretical [00:00:20] cosmologist working to understand how the universe began, how it evolved, and what its ultimate fate could be. I'm like, how cool can it get [00:00:30] to like really go down into the weeds, into the nitty gritty.

[00:00:35] Markus: Of everything of the big questions, I immediately knew I had to [00:00:40] sit down with the author of this line, and especially when I found out that she's also part of the Euclid Consortium, you know, the Euclid spacecraft that [00:00:50] launched one and a half years ago, and that was designed and targeted to probing our [00:01:00] universe, a considerable swath of our universe.

[00:01:04] Markus: For traces of dark matter, the greatest or one of the greatest [00:01:10] mysteries of them all. The person I'm sitting down with today is part of the inner circle of that spacecraft. [00:01:20] I'm humbled to sit down with you. Thank you for taking the time, Gura. Thank you for being on the show. Let's [00:01:30] go. 

[00:01:30] Markus: If

[00:01:32] Markus: Euclid delivered the most optimistic results you could ever wish [00:01:40] for, what would it be?

[00:01:45] Guadaloupe: Well,

[00:01:45] Guadaloupe: Euclid is already delivering the most exquisite data that [00:01:50] I have ever seen.

[00:01:51] Guadaloupe: Uh, the raw data is amazing, so my imagination is free to fly and go wild. Um, I would [00:02:00] expect that we are able to reduce our statistical uncertainty so much in our measurements that we can definitely rule out what we call the standard cosmological [00:02:10] model, which is the model that we have to, to stay to explain most of the observations that we see in the universe.

[00:02:15] Guadaloupe: But pretty much tell us that 95% of the universe is composed by tech energy [00:02:20] on 70% responsible of the acceleration of the expansion of the universe and the dark matter on 25%. So I'm really looking forward [00:02:30] that the statistical uncertainty associated to Euclid measurements is so small that when I'm comparing like alternative cosmological models that tell us something about the nature [00:02:40] of dark energy and dark matter can potentially be statistically, uh, consolidated instead of this concordance model.

[00:02:47] Guadaloupe: That will be my dream.

[00:02:48] Guadaloupe: And that

[00:02:49] Guadaloupe: is [00:02:50] definitely what we are really looking forward to and working hard in the next, uh, decade to come.

[00:02:56] Markus: Do you have a hunch? Do you have a gut [00:03:00] feeling? And I know this could be very tricky, um, because especially in the scientific community, there is no gut feeling. There is the

[00:03:08] Markus: mind,

[00:03:08] Markus: but maybe there's a little bit [00:03:10] of a feeling one could have In what direction?

[00:03:13] Markus: Direction things could go.

[00:03:15] Guadaloupe: Yeah. I actually do believe the [00:03:20] scientist must follow their own instincts. Uh, sometimes, uh, it is true that most of these, what we will call instinct, is developed by our [00:03:30] scientific expertise and our scientific experience.

[00:03:35] Guadaloupe: Um.

[00:03:36] Guadaloupe: I do believe, uh, that we're [00:03:40] more close to understand this accelerated expansion of the universe by revisiting the theory of general relativity of Al Einstein instead of just [00:03:50] assuming that there is an unknown system that we dunno anything about.

[00:03:53] Guadaloupe: That we call dark energy. I prefer to believe that mathematically we are still not there yet. [00:04:00] So we must revisit the equations that explain the loss of gravity instead of like thinking, okay, we have some kind of hidden

[00:04:09] Guadaloupe: fuel

[00:04:09] Guadaloupe: that [00:04:10] it is driving this accelerated expansion. Um, so I'm more inclined towards believing that modified gravity theories, this is how we call them.

[00:04:19] Guadaloupe: [00:04:20] So theories that revisit the equations of Alber Einstein will have more, I don't know, like a more protagonist and something else to say. Respect to. [00:04:30] Yeah, just purely dark energy theories. That's, that's my feeling. Let's see. Yeah, let's,

[00:04:35] Guadaloupe: let's talk about this 

[00:04:35] Guadaloupe: within one decade from now.

[00:04:38] Markus: Dark 

[00:04:39] Markus: [00:04:40] energy, dark matter is, sounds a 

[00:04:42] Markus: little 

[00:04:43] Markus: uncomfortable. It sounds a little darkish. Yeah. 

[00:04:46] Markus: So maybe it's not the optimal terminology to use because [00:04:50] dark just means we do not know.

[00:04:52] Markus: Yeah.

[00:04:52] Markus: I think this is the most important thing to take away.

[00:04:56] Markus: There's nothing dark out there. It is just something we do not understand.[00:05:00] 

[00:05:00] Guadaloupe: Actually, I always say, and you guys need to be with me and bear with me until the end.

[00:05:06] Guadaloupe: We are physicists, we are theoretical physicists, especially the people [00:05:10] who are performing like, uh, more theoretical cosmology. We come from a more theoretical side from physics. Astronomers tend to be extraordinary, more [00:05:20] catchy, but we completely messed up in terms of assigning dark to dark energy and to dark matter.

[00:05:26] Guadaloupe: Like it was a fraud in terms of marketing and [00:05:30] definitely not the

[00:05:30] Guadaloupe: best decision.

[00:05:31] Guadaloupe: It is true that, okay, so the first discovery was dark matter and the term dark. In that case. It was indeed. It is indeed referred to the fact that it, we [00:05:40] believe that it is a type of matter. That we see that interacts through gravity, but it doesn't interact with light, so we cannot see it.

[00:05:46] Guadaloupe: And this is how the term dark

[00:05:48] Guadaloupe: was. associated. It makes sense. It makes sense. [00:05:50] When we definitely messed up was with dark energy because in that case, dark really refers to the fact that we don't know anything about it that is [00:06:00] there, that we cannot see it, but is we don't even can predict if it interacts with light or, or with gravity.

[00:06:06] Guadaloupe: So definitely it was, uh, yeah, one of the [00:06:10] worst,

[00:06:10] Guadaloupe: uh, terms, one of the

[00:06:11] Guadaloupe: worst marketing strategies that we've done in cosmology, uh, so far. Um, so yeah,

[00:06:18] Guadaloupe: I always [00:06:20] say that, okay, 

[00:06:21] Guadaloupe: dark matter, it

[00:06:22] Guadaloupe: does not interact with light. We cannot see it. That is the first game. So it is dark, 

[00:06:27] Guadaloupe: dark 

[00:06:27] Guadaloupe: energy was just a way of, [00:06:30] I don't know, parameterizing our ignorance.

[00:06:32] Guadaloupe: Yeah. Yes.

[00:06:34] Markus: Let's just 

[00:06:34] Markus: try to unpack this topic of the [00:06:40] importance of finding out what this is that we do not know. So we're sitting one and a half meters apart from one another 

[00:06:47] Markus: right now.

[00:06:48] Markus: Mm-hmm. 

[00:06:48] Markus: Is this [00:06:50] dark thing, this unknown between you and me? 

[00:06:53] Markus: Yes. 

[00:06:53] Markus: Or is this a different scales? So. 

[00:06:55] Guadaloupe: So.

[00:06:57] Guadaloupe: for dark energy, you

[00:06:58] Guadaloupe: mean? Mm-hmm.

[00:06:59] Guadaloupe: Yeah. [00:07:00] So, okay. So dark energy in the case that, yeah. So we believe that there is an unknown substance, that it is

[00:07:07] Guadaloupe: all

[00:07:08] Guadaloupe: over the space time. [00:07:10] In principle, yes, we must have that substance that we, in theoretical physics, we just

[00:07:17] Guadaloupe: parameterize. So when we write the [00:07:20] equations, we use the most simplistic way of understanding or using mathematically how to, uh, define that, uh, substance.

[00:07:28] Guadaloupe: But yes, so we believe that it is all [00:07:30] over the space time. However, if it's, it's effects are more plausible, so they are.

[00:07:36] Guadaloupe: um,

[00:07:37] Guadaloupe: larger scene at [00:07:40] very long distances. So a very large scale. So even though it's everywhere, its effect maximizes, the longer the distances are.[00:07:50] 

[00:07:50] Guadaloupe: Uh,

[00:07:50] Guadaloupe: this is why it was really tricky to actually discover dark energy or in fact discover the accelerated expansion of the universe.

[00:07:59] Guadaloupe: [00:08:00] 'cause you really needed to reduce, as I was saying before, the uncertainty of your measurements to be sure that when you were measuring this rate of expansion of the universe, you could see [00:08:10] some hints of acceleration. Um, and for that you really to, you really needed to go to very long distances to study like objects that are really, really, really far 

[00:08:19] Guadaloupe: away

[00:08:19] Guadaloupe: [00:08:20] from us. 

[00:08:20] Guadaloupe: And

[00:08:20] Guadaloupe: only when we have the technology and the capacity to measure those objects, that in this case we're in a specific type of super Novi, [00:08:30] uh, is when we had the capacity of

[00:08:32] Guadaloupe: Figuring out, oh wow. Yeah. Our universe is expanding, is expanding in anac accelerated way. Mm-hmm. So definitely dark energy in principle [00:08:40] everywhere, but we get to see its effects at very long distances.

[00:08:45] Markus: What kind of effects are you observing? 

[00:08:47] Guadaloupe: So actually it's, [00:08:50] uh, dark energy is behaving pretty much in contrary to gravity. So gravity tends to cluster

[00:08:57] Guadaloupe: to make together

[00:08:59] Guadaloupe: [00:09:00] different objects in the, in the universe. The larger the mass or the more heavy they are, the more they're going to tend to cluster.

[00:09:08] Guadaloupe: So this is how we [00:09:10] have,

[00:09:10] Guadaloupe: weather stars forming galaxies, then galaxies, joining other galaxies to form clusters.

[00:09:15] Guadaloupe: Then in the case of dark energy is precisely the opposite. [00:09:20] So what we are seeing is that the space between objects, between, um, yeah, objects in the universe that are heavy, that have mass is. [00:09:30] Driving them

[00:09:31] Guadaloupe: apart. Mm-hmm.

[00:09:31] Guadaloupe: So it's somehow, yeah. So

[00:09:34] Markus: it's 

[00:09:35] Markus: like a between mag magnetic poles, like equal 

[00:09:39] Guadaloupe: poles. [00:09:40] Yes, exactly. So 

[00:09:40] Guadaloupe: in some sense, yeah.

[00:09:42] Guadaloupe: Like it, it 

[00:09:42] Guadaloupe: could be a nice analogy. So indeed. Okay. So they're like different forces physically speaking, but we have like gravity pull things

[00:09:48] Guadaloupe: together. Mm-hmm.

[00:09:49] Guadaloupe: And [00:09:50] then

[00:09:50] Guadaloupe: dark energy pulls them apart. So actually this is why it was so ling when we discovered the accelerated expansion of our universe.

[00:09:58] Guadaloupe: 'cause

[00:09:59] Guadaloupe: if

[00:09:59] Guadaloupe: you [00:10:00] take the the, in the equations of the theory of general relativity, and this is an exercise I really love to include in the set of seminars of

[00:10:08] Guadaloupe: my classes.

[00:10:08] Guadaloupe: for general relativity with [00:10:10] my students. It's like, okay, I'm telling you the universe is composed by, I don't know, 30% of matter and few traces of other [00:10:20] things, calculate what will be the expansion of our universe.

[00:10:23] Guadaloupe: And what you get

[00:10:24] Guadaloupe: to see is that our universe. Is expanding, but it's slowing down in its [00:10:30] expansion and this is what we believe that potentially could happen. So when we discovered the accelerated expansion of the universe, it was like, what exactly, because sadly, you [00:10:40] need

[00:10:40] Guadaloupe: to come

[00:10:40] Guadaloupe: up with something that will drive that acceleration.

[00:10:44] Guadaloupe: 'cause like with the different components that we were already observing, there was no way to explain that.[00:10:50] 

[00:10:50] Markus: Hmm.

[00:10:51] Markus: How do your students react when they observe something like 

[00:10:55] Markus: this?

[00:10:55] Markus: I,

[00:10:56] Guadaloupe: I I love

[00:10:59] Guadaloupe: to [00:11:00] teach general relativity because,

[00:11:02] Guadaloupe: um, is the course, especially the general relativity ones that we touch, the latest part of the course, which is when [00:11:10] we apply this to cosmology, because first of all, like people think of the theory of general relativity of Albert Einstein to be a very complicated and difficult course to [00:11:20] follow.

[00:11:20] Guadaloupe: And it is true, like mathematically it requires like. Some techniques that are advanced, but when you apply the equations to cosmology, you [00:11:30] simplify

[00:11:30] Guadaloupe: many things.

[00:11:31] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm.

[00:11:31] Guadaloupe: Like we really model our universe to be very

[00:11:33] Guadaloupe: simplistic at the end. Mm-hmm.

[00:11:36] Guadaloupe: Um, so

[00:11:36] Guadaloupe: the fact

[00:11:37] Guadaloupe: that the students are able to [00:11:40] really come up with results that are not that old.

[00:11:43] Guadaloupe: I mean, we discovered the accelerated expansion of the universe at the end of the last

[00:11:47] Guadaloupe: century. Mm-hmm. So the, the

[00:11:48] Guadaloupe: end of the night, [00:11:50] uh, decade that they are able to reproduce those results, uh, it's always like, wow, this was a novel prize and now I am able to actually reproduce what [00:12:00] they did and understand, uh, the impact.

[00:12:03] Guadaloupe: So it's, um, it's interesting to see how many of the people that [00:12:10] decide to pursue a career in cosmology really have fallen in love with cosmology at the limit

[00:12:15] Guadaloupe: where they are studying

[00:12:16] Guadaloupe: in the theory of

[00:12:17] Guadaloupe: general relativity.

[00:12:18] Guadaloupe: Yeah. [00:12:20] 

[00:12:20] Markus: How much do we know today as opposed to a hundred years ago when general Relativity was 

[00:12:29] Guadaloupe: [00:12:30] uncovered?

[00:12:30] Guadaloupe: Yeah, this is a very interesting question because, um, the theory of general relativity open up, uh, [00:12:40] what we called really the field of cosmology. So it is when, um, it basically theories trying to explain the [00:12:50] very first early moments of our universe, the theory of the big band, the how the first, uh, nuclei of atoms were formed.[00:13:00] 

[00:13:00] Guadaloupe: Um, all that knowledge was developed. Thanks to the flourishing of Okay. Practical physics, high energy physics. That took place more or less at the same time as [00:13:10] the theory of general

[00:13:11] Guadaloupe: relativity of Einstein. And I feel that we had a boom

[00:13:15] Guadaloupe: of most of the content that these days is a still to in [00:13:20] Masters of Cosmology all over Europe is pretty much, I would say 70% of the,

[00:13:26] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:13:26] Guadaloupe: of the,

[00:13:27] Guadaloupe: content of those courses is still based on those 

[00:13:29] Guadaloupe: [00:13:30] theories.

[00:13:31] Guadaloupe: Um, but it was exactly the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe, what it brought, what we call, uh, colloquially [00:13:40] modern

[00:13:40] Guadaloupe: cosmology. Mm-hmm. So

[00:13:41] Guadaloupe: really taking, revisiting everything that we thought that 

[00:13:45] Guadaloupe: we knew

[00:13:46] Guadaloupe: mm-hmm.

[00:13:46] Guadaloupe: And give it 

[00:13:47] Guadaloupe: a twist. 

[00:13:48] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. To be able to think [00:13:50] forward. Mm-hmm. And in that sense, that is really recent.

[00:13:52] Guadaloupe: So we've been doing that on the last. 30

[00:13:55] Guadaloupe: years. Mm-hmm.

[00:13:56] Guadaloupe: So that is also why it's so

[00:13:58] Guadaloupe: challenging To study

[00:13:59] Guadaloupe: [00:14:00] dark energy and the accelerated expansion of our universe. 'cause in 100 years we had the time to really test really well. General

[00:14:07] Guadaloupe: relativity. Mm-hmm. Our GPS are [00:14:10] working, we have spacecrafts that we have sent

[00:14:13] Guadaloupe: All around

[00:14:13] Guadaloupe: the solar system.

[00:14:15] Guadaloupe: We still could communicate with some of them until quite

[00:14:18] Guadaloupe: recently. we [00:14:20] have tested the limits of what we call the theory of general relativity with our solar system. And they're already pretty large distances. So if you really wanna break the [00:14:30] theory and bring back like some modified gravity theories to explain this accelerated expansion, they still need to pass what we call our solar system tests.

[00:14:39] Guadaloupe: [00:14:40] So whatever theory you're proposing, at least it has to work really well

[00:14:45] Guadaloupe: as

[00:14:45] Guadaloupe: the theory of general relativity test under one in the solar system because we have

[00:14:49] Guadaloupe: [00:14:50] measurements out of it. Mm-hmm. Um,

[00:14:52] Guadaloupe: and this is a challenge like we're.

[00:14:55] Guadaloupe: really opening

[00:14:56] Guadaloupe: up a book in the history of physics [00:15:00] where modern cosmology will take more and more protagonism and it will be happening together with technological development such 

[00:15:07] Guadaloupe: as Euclid in this case.

[00:15:08] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm.

[00:15:09] Markus: Like you, 

[00:15:09] Markus: [00:15:10] Euclid, are, are we still in the phase of poking holes into a great big 

[00:15:17] Markus: unknown?

[00:15:18] Markus: Um, because I'm, I'm [00:15:20] just wondering how far we are in toward understanding something. Um, because I guess Euclid is now sort of trying to find out what [00:15:30] this three 

[00:15:31] Markus: dimensional 

[00:15:33] Markus: space 

[00:15:34] Markus: time looks like to then in order to find out what the distributions

[00:15:39] Markus: [00:15:40] of,

[00:15:40] Markus: of objects and dark matter could look 

[00:15:44] Markus: like 

[00:15:45] Markus: or 

[00:15:45] Markus: look like.

[00:15:46] Markus: But this is just the beginning to map 

[00:15:49] Markus: the 

[00:15:49] Markus: [00:15:50] territory, 

[00:15:50] Markus: sort of, 

[00:15:51] Guadaloupe: Sort of so to see, I

[00:15:51] Guadaloupe: would like to be a little bit more 

[00:15:53] Guadaloupe: optimistic. Yes. Uh, definitely. 

[00:15:55] Guadaloupe: I 

[00:15:56] Guadaloupe: very, I do have very hard days as my job as [00:16:00] a scientist. Mm-hmm. And as cosmologist that I wake up every morning

[00:16:03] Guadaloupe: or

[00:16:03] Guadaloupe: like a morning.

[00:16:04] Guadaloupe: uh, maybe once every month. Like I have these,

[00:16:08] Guadaloupe: I

[00:16:08] Guadaloupe: have 

[00:16:09] Guadaloupe: these feelings of, [00:16:10] oh my God, I'm dedicating my life to something that is extraordinary fascinating.

[00:16:14] Guadaloupe: That it is really plausible that I will finish my career, [00:16:20] not being able to understand a 0.0 whatever percent of what the universe have to offer. And while I might [00:16:30] think, even though I might feel discouraged, that discouragement last, only one second, I have to say. 'cause later it 

[00:16:36] Guadaloupe: was like,

[00:16:37] Guadaloupe: there

[00:16:38] Guadaloupe: are so many

[00:16:38] Guadaloupe: possibilities[00:16:40] 

[00:16:40] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. That. I think it's so good 

[00:16:42] Guadaloupe: in 

[00:16:42] Guadaloupe: some sense.

[00:16:44] Guadaloupe: with

[00:16:44] Guadaloupe: respect to what we are today in modern cosmology. Once that this accelerated expansion of the universe was [00:16:50] discovered and was measured like experimentally, we had very important, uh, cosmological missions that have a studied, uh, the [00:17:00] universe. And there is a lot of work that has already taken place, uh, understanding how our universe was behaving when it was a child,

[00:17:09] Guadaloupe: when it 

[00:17:09] Guadaloupe: was an infant. [00:17:10] That is with the observations of what we call the cosmic microwave background. So the first light, the first photons, those first light particles that managed to [00:17:20] start traveling through the universe. Uh, ones that our universe, uh, cooled down sufficiently only 300,000 years after, after the Big Bang. And there [00:17:30] has, there has been a lot of work in understanding or studying that relic radiation and we build.

[00:17:37] Guadaloupe: The knowledge that we have this days is about our [00:17:40] con

[00:17:40] Guadaloupe: concordance, our standard cosmological model based on

[00:17:43] Guadaloupe: those measurements. 

[00:17:43] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. 

[00:17:44] Guadaloupe: So

[00:17:44] Guadaloupe: I wouldn't say that with Euclid we are going for the very first time on [00:17:50] something we are really building up. Yeah.

[00:17:51] Guadaloupe: So

[00:17:52] Guadaloupe: in the history of our universe, we have understood, or we have 

[00:17:56] Guadaloupe: developed 

[00:17:58] Guadaloupe: lots of knowledge, really important [00:18:00] knowledge about the early universe now is when we are moving forward and we are studying how the universe look like

[00:18:07] Guadaloupe: On the

[00:18:07] Guadaloupe: last 10 billion

[00:18:09] Guadaloupe: [00:18:10] years. which will still correspond to a very substantial fraction of the life of the universe.

[00:18:16] Guadaloupe: But we are moving to what we call late physics. [00:18:20] So we are going to start the universe how I look from now until the past, but we are not looking that much on the past as with the cosmic macro web background. So in this sense, I do [00:18:30] feel that definitely there are many things to understand and it is the first time that we are envisioning something.

[00:18:36] Guadaloupe: As ambitious

[00:18:37] Guadaloupe: as with Euclid, but

[00:18:39] Guadaloupe: we are building [00:18:40] up.

[00:18:40] Guadaloupe: So

[00:18:41] Guadaloupe: at the end it's not, the question is not,

[00:18:44] Guadaloupe: let's

[00:18:44] Guadaloupe: see how our universe work. The question is, okay, the model that we have, that it was [00:18:50] really well supported by the observations of the cosmic micro web background, does it still hold? And I think it's really important to put in perspective the question that we are aiming 

[00:18:58] Guadaloupe: to tackle.

[00:18:59] Guadaloupe: [00:19:00] So

[00:19:00] Guadaloupe: definitely tons of work to do.

[00:19:02] Guadaloupe: Definitely

[00:19:03] Guadaloupe: tons

[00:19:04] Guadaloupe: of.

[00:19:05] Guadaloupe: forward thinking in terms of what it potentially could be next. [00:19:10] But we are, this is not just the beginning. I will say that this is the consolidation of modern 

[00:19:16] Markus: cosmology.

[00:19:17] Markus: Fantastic. Let's talk 

[00:19:19] Markus: [00:19:20] about 

[00:19:20] Markus: Euclid. 

[00:19:20] Markus: Oh right. Mm-hmm. 

[00:19:21] Markus: So 

[00:19:23] Markus: Euclid has been around now for, uh, how long 

[00:19:28] Guadaloupe: was 

[00:19:28] Guadaloupe: it 

[00:19:28] Guadaloupe: now?

[00:19:28] Guadaloupe: Like

[00:19:29] Guadaloupe: one [00:19:30] year.

[00:19:30] Guadaloupe: So one year? Yeah.

[00:19:31] Guadaloupe: Yeah, one year and like few months. So we launched Euclid on the 1st of July of 2023. I've been, um, I had to be like really [00:19:40] careful all these days 'cause I was in like Euclid launched last year. No, it already launched like almost two

[00:19:45] Guadaloupe: years. Yeah,

[00:19:46] Guadaloupe: exactly.

[00:19:46] Guadaloupe: Almost two years ago. Time is flying, [00:19:50] so you click when he launched

[00:19:52] Guadaloupe: it, it, uh,

[00:19:53] Guadaloupe: work over a few months on its performance verification and commissioning basically.[00:20:00] 

[00:20:00] Guadaloupe: uh, 

[00:20:00] Markus: where 

[00:20:00] Markus: where is 

[00:20:01] Markus: it positioned? Hmm? Where, where is it 

[00:20:03] Markus: sitting? Where 

[00:20:03] Markus: is 

[00:20:03] Markus: it

[00:20:03] Markus: serving? Uh, 

[00:20:04] Guadaloupe: Euclid is in our, the most posh, popular and expensive

[00:20:09] Guadaloupe: [00:20:10] neighborhood of our solar 

[00:20:11] Guadaloupe: system. And that is the LAN Grand Point too.

[00:20:14] Guadaloupe: So

[00:20:14] Guadaloupe: it is a really interesting,

[00:20:16] Guadaloupe: uh. 

[00:20:17] Guadaloupe: Quas 

[00:20:18] Guadaloupe: static, 

[00:20:19] Guadaloupe: I don't [00:20:20] like

[00:20:20] Guadaloupe: to call it point, because people think that really will be the size of this room where we are here. It, it is an area of a space of like thousands of [00:20:30] kilometers, uh, where you can put a lot of missions mm-hmm.

[00:20:33] Guadaloupe: Um, to work together and they will definitely have. Space enough. Um, but yeah, so it is a special [00:20:40] point, uh, between the earth, the sun and the moon in which, uh, you click uh, another mission such as gene's we or Gaia, that actually we are saying

[00:20:49] Guadaloupe: [00:20:50] goodbye. Really, really soon to Gaia. Uh,

[00:20:52] Guadaloupe: and this is one of the reasons you need to make space for new missions to come.

[00:20:55] Guadaloupe: But what it is really interesting about this particular, um, point [00:21:00] is that the sun is always behind the spacecraft. So we have constant, uh,

[00:21:05] Guadaloupe: flux of electric energy through our sun panels, but we get to see to [00:21:10] the deep universe, which is what we are really aiming for. 'cause we would like to take pictures of galaxies that are million 

[00:21:15] Guadaloupe: of

[00:21:15] Guadaloupe: years uh, from us.

[00:21:17] Guadaloupe: So, yeah. So this is where Euclid has been operating. [00:21:20] So it launched on the 1st of July of 2023. We had like a fantastic, really smooth, uh, launched. We reached our destination quite. Yeah, [00:21:30] easily. And then we started working, as I was saying, performance verification and commissioning that translated means, okay, you switch on 

[00:21:36] Guadaloupe: your instruments mm-hmm. And you start calibrating your instruments [00:21:40] and verifying that everything is working according to what you thought that it should be. 

[00:21:44] Guadaloupe: Working

[00:21:46] Guadaloupe: during

[00:21:46] Guadaloupe: the performance verification, we did have, uh, some challenge, uh, [00:21:50] to over some challenges to overcome. Um, we did with, uh, really put us a manifest, a fantastic work of so many people of our teams, uh, behind.[00:22:00] 

[00:22:00] Guadaloupe: And then on the 14th of February last year, I always remember 'cause was some Valentine's. We started the Euclid wide survey and what is the Euclid wide [00:22:10] survey? So it is basically this 3D map. So we're taking pictures of one third of 

[00:22:17] Guadaloupe: the sky. We

[00:22:19] Guadaloupe: classify [00:22:20] what from those objects that we see in the pictures are galaxies.

[00:22:23] Guadaloupe: Um, for at least 1.5 billions of galaxies, we are measuring the two deposition, their [00:22:30] shape and their

[00:22:30] Guadaloupe: distance. Mm-hmm. And

[00:22:32] Guadaloupe: through this distance is how we access these time dimensions. Mm-hmm. Because distances in the universe have 

[00:22:39] Guadaloupe: some, [00:22:40] um, time component that nothing can score faster than the 

[00:22:43] Guadaloupe: speed 

[00:22:43] Guadaloupe: of light. 

[00:22:44] Guadaloupe: The farther away those galaxies are, the older we are 

[00:22:48] Guadaloupe: seeing 

[00:22:49] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:22:49] Guadaloupe: galaxy to [00:22:50] be.

[00:22:50] Markus: How do you measure a distance between an object, like two objects that be behind 

[00:22:54] Markus: one another? Oh, yeah. 

[00:22:55] Guadaloupe: Very 

[00:22:56] Guadaloupe: far away. How 

[00:22:56] Guadaloupe: do 

[00:22:56] Guadaloupe: you do 

[00:22:57] Guadaloupe: that? 

[00:22:57] Guadaloupe: Yeah,

[00:22:57] Guadaloupe: so, uh, Euclid has, [00:23:00] um, this is the reason why Euclid has two instruments on board. So one is a camera, like

[00:23:04] Guadaloupe: pretty much

[00:23:04] Guadaloupe: similar to the cameras that we have in our, in our phones.

[00:23:08] Guadaloupe: The other is [00:23:10] our near infrared spectrometer, photometer. So it is an instrument that basically operates, as the name says in the near infrared. There is a reason why we are tackling the near [00:23:20] infrared, and it is the fact that we know that galaxies that are suffering right now, this accelerated expansion of our universe, [00:23:30] uh, their light that reaches us, most likely it is in the near infrared, uh, size of the spectrum.

[00:23:37] Guadaloupe: So this is why our instruments are tackling the near infrared. [00:23:40] And how do we measure the distances? Well, we use the concept of redshift, which is really similar to the same concept. Well, it's actually, I would say not really similar. [00:23:50] It's literally the same as when you are driving, uh, your car and suddenly you get 

[00:23:54] Guadaloupe: to hear 

[00:23:55] Guadaloupe: an ambulance or like

[00:23:57] Guadaloupe: a police car. Exactly. The Doppler effect. Yeah. [00:24:00] So you get to hear, uh, you know, if it is approaching

[00:24:02] Guadaloupe: You or it has already,

[00:24:04] Guadaloupe: uh, overcome you. Based on the sound of that

[00:24:06] Guadaloupe: siren. We can't extrapolate exactly the same [00:24:10] concept 

[00:24:10] Guadaloupe: to light. 

[00:24:11] Guadaloupe: So.

[00:24:13] Guadaloupe: our nisp

[00:24:14] Guadaloupe: instrument measure that Redshift based on two, uh, [00:24:20] different

[00:24:20] Guadaloupe: techniques. One

[00:24:21] Guadaloupe: is photometry.

[00:24:22] Guadaloupe: The good thing with photometry is just it based. It measured the redshift associated to photons that we are collecting in our cameras. [00:24:30] So, good thing you can collect tons of 

[00:24:33] Guadaloupe: photons, 

[00:24:34] Guadaloupe: but unfortunately this technique is less precise. Mm-hmm. So

[00:24:37] Guadaloupe: we try to compensate the fact that it is less [00:24:40] precise by measuring many, many galaxies with a spectroscopy, what you do is that you decompose that light, that it is coming from those galaxies and you really [00:24:50] compare, uh, one per one of the different elements that those galaxies have.

[00:24:54] Guadaloupe: Um, if it is hydrogen, helium, uh, oxygen with. [00:25:00] Light spectra that you have on earth. I'm seeing how much

[00:25:03] Guadaloupe: these lines have

[00:25:04] Guadaloupe: been reshifted or they've moved, you can infer a distance 

[00:25:06] Guadaloupe: from

[00:25:06] Guadaloupe: galaxies.

[00:25:07] Guadaloupe: Now, coming

[00:25:08] Guadaloupe: back 

[00:25:08] Guadaloupe: to your question, a [00:25:10] spectroscopy is really good to be using for objects that they are overlapping each other because especially if those galaxies have different composition, you could distinguish [00:25:20] like which spectra will correspond to 

[00:25:21] Guadaloupe: each galaxy.

[00:25:22] Guadaloupe: And you can make many, many measurements of distances of galaxies. And this is one of the joys of the instrumental Euclid. For the [00:25:30] very first time, we are aiming to do a spectroscopy from space for many, many, many, many galaxies. Mm-hmm. 

[00:25:39] Guadaloupe: Um, [00:25:40] 

[00:25:40] Guadaloupe: so it was not a challenge only on the technology. It was a challenge from the data processing side, we are working 

[00:25:46] Guadaloupe: on this.

[00:25:47] Guadaloupe: I,

[00:25:48] Guadaloupe: I'm really looking forward to you [00:25:50] guys to see the first results of the spectra, although actually you could see already some spectra from the early release observations of Euclid, what we published, uh, on our, on our results. But yeah, so [00:26:00] basically we use reshift to measure 

[00:26:01] Markus: distances

[00:26:02] Markus: to what what would people go to 

[00:26:04] Guadaloupe: check 

[00:26:04] Guadaloupe: out 

[00:26:04] Guadaloupe: those

[00:26:05] Guadaloupe: yes 

[00:26:05] Guadaloupe: results?

[00:26:06] Guadaloupe: So within

[00:26:07] Guadaloupe: the European Space Agency, we've done an extraordinary [00:26:10] work, uh, to bring our, uh, Euclid information up to date, just to keep you posted of everything that it is happening with our spacecraft. So if you just simply type [00:26:20] like EAT slash Euclid, you will be able to find like all the information and in particular all the data associated to the early release observations.

[00:26:29] Guadaloupe: And [00:26:30] already next week with our first quick data release, um, you will be able to assess all these, all these data. So not only the scientific results in [00:26:40] publications, but really the rule and

[00:26:41] Guadaloupe: calibrated data.

[00:26:42] Guadaloupe: So

[00:26:43] Guadaloupe: if you're interested in a spectra, 

[00:26:44] Guadaloupe: please 

[00:26:44] Guadaloupe: be 

[00:26:44] Guadaloupe: my 

[00:26:44] Guadaloupe: guest.

[00:26:47] Markus: So

[00:26:48] Markus: you 

[00:26:49] Markus: are [00:26:50] observing not 

[00:26:50] Markus: a 

[00:26:51] Markus: flat 

[00:26:53] Markus: shape, 

[00:26:54] Markus: you're not, you're not producing flat images like what James Webb does, what Hubble did. [00:27:00] You're producing three dimensional, uh, observations. So for example, like a three dimensional cube shaped and whatever is inside that cube, [00:27:10] um, that is 

[00:27:11] Markus: of interest.

[00:27:13] Markus: To Euclid. So how deep is the cxs? So how, how, how many, I

[00:27:19] Markus: dunno. [00:27:20] Parsec or 

[00:27:20] Markus: light 

[00:27:20] Markus: years? 

[00:27:21] Guadaloupe: Do you? Yeah. 

[00:27:21] Guadaloupe: So it just, do you 

[00:27:22] Guadaloupe: go? 

[00:27:23] Guadaloupe: Um,

[00:27:24] Guadaloupe: okay. 

[00:27:24] Guadaloupe: So 

[00:27:26] Guadaloupe: two,

[00:27:27] Guadaloupe: two

[00:27:27] Guadaloupe: points 

[00:27:28] Guadaloupe: to, to sit down [00:27:30] in here. So the first 

[00:27:30] Guadaloupe: one is 

[00:27:31] Guadaloupe: that we do have, I mean, the first

[00:27:34] Guadaloupe: raw

[00:27:35] Guadaloupe: product are to the images.

[00:27:37] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. So we always have like,

[00:27:38] Guadaloupe: to the Images. [00:27:40] A key of what Nucle is doing is what we called in the field. Tomography.

[00:27:44] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm.

[00:27:44] Guadaloupe: So we take many pictures and then

[00:27:48] Guadaloupe: we basically [00:27:50] layer exactly. So we stack all these images, uh, based on the classification to distances to galaxy. And this is how we 

[00:27:56] Guadaloupe: reconstruct 

[00:27:56] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:27:57] Guadaloupe: set

[00:27:57] Guadaloupe: axis. So how

[00:27:59] Guadaloupe: far are we [00:28:00] going 10 billion years, which is, uh, is a lot like 10 billion light years, which is crazy. So it will correspond in those who are like more within the astronomy, uh, [00:28:10] language. So we are targeting between Redshift zero and up to Redshift close to three. And we know that dark energy has started dominating.

[00:28:19] Guadaloupe: So we started to [00:28:20] see these effects of the accelerated expansion of the universe around Redshift one point something. So really Euclid, the Euclid map. So this Euclid 3D map is, [00:28:30] uh, was designed, uh, to basically map. What it was happening before, dark energy domination and during dark energy domination. So we could measure this

[00:28:39] Guadaloupe: accelerated [00:28:40] expansion

[00:28:40] Guadaloupe: of the universe.

[00:28:41] Guadaloupe: So you do not send to a space,

[00:28:44] Guadaloupe: uh, yes.

[00:28:45] Guadaloupe: Visionary spacecraft without your scientific, uh, [00:28:50] yeah, your scientific case really well studied

[00:28:52] Guadaloupe: and understood. Um, so everything, every single piece of technology that Euclid has on board has been designed with this [00:29:00] specific purpose. That this map that we are measuring or that we are aiming to

[00:29:03] Guadaloupe: produce have to have like really a strict statistical, uh, measurements and, and [00:29:10] uncertainties so that we can say something 

[00:29:12] Guadaloupe: about 

[00:29:12] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:29:12] Guadaloupe: nature 

[00:29:12] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:29:12] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:29:12] Guadaloupe: energy.

[00:29:13] Markus: a a first batch of data got released 

[00:29:15] Markus: already 

[00:29:16] Markus: last 

[00:29:16] Markus: year. 

[00:29:16] Markus: Yeah. 

[00:29:17] Markus: That was already scientific, but it was [00:29:20] a, a demo 

[00:29:21] Markus: set 

[00:29:21] Markus: of 

[00:29:21] Markus: data, 

[00:29:22] Guadaloupe: right?

[00:29:22] Guadaloupe: Yeah. So the first release of data happened in, well, actually. The end of [00:29:30] 2023.

[00:29:30] Guadaloupe: So,

[00:29:30] Guadaloupe: yeah, it's exactly uh, 

[00:29:32] Guadaloupe: Yeah.

[00:29:33] Guadaloupe: so again, it's like, it's crazy how time is flying. Um, but yeah, so the first, uh, release of the, what we [00:29:40] call the early release observations of the, of Euclid were pretty much, um, yeah, release at the end of 2023.

[00:29:46] Guadaloupe: And it contained few information. In this case, the [00:29:50] data of Euclid was more focused on what we call legacy

[00:29:53] Guadaloupe: science.

[00:29:54] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. So

[00:29:54] Guadaloupe: what is legacy science for a cosm like me? Everything that you could do in terms of understanding the [00:30:00] evolution

[00:30:00] Guadaloupe: of galaxies,

[00:30:01] Guadaloupe: the interstellar medium clusters of galaxies, global clusters, but not necessarily you can do cosmology

[00:30:07] Guadaloupe: with it.

[00:30:08] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. And what does differentiate 

[00:30:09] Guadaloupe: [00:30:10] between. 

[00:30:10] Guadaloupe: Legacy science or legacy astronomy? Science, extremely important actually. Like I'm falling more and more in

[00:30:17] Guadaloupe: love. about that, like, or [00:30:20] cosmology basically is the area of the observations. Mm-hmm. And the area translate on the number of objects that you have. For Euclid, we [00:30:30] are targeting on

[00:30:31] Guadaloupe: galaxies. Mm-hmm. So to

[00:30:32] Guadaloupe: do cosmology, 

[00:30:33] Guadaloupe: you 

[00:30:33] Guadaloupe: need 

[00:30:34] Guadaloupe: billions 

[00:30:35] Guadaloupe: of

[00:30:35] Guadaloupe: galaxies,

[00:30:36] Guadaloupe: millions of galaxies. So the early release observation program [00:30:40] was extraordinary powerful to show that our instruments are up for the

[00:30:43] Guadaloupe: challenge. To

[00:30:45] Guadaloupe: be able to produce cosmological results in the future. Or in terms of understanding [00:30:50] overall how our universe work.

[00:30:51] Guadaloupe: The data set was really 

[00:30:53] Guadaloupe: reduced. Um, now, next week that we are gonna have, so once that we release our first [00:31:00] quick data release of Euclid, the area is going to be like around 50 

[00:31:04] Guadaloupe: a square 

[00:31:04] Guadaloupe: degrees. Mm-hmm. And 50 a square degrees 

[00:31:08] Guadaloupe: is. 

[00:31:09] Guadaloupe: A mini [00:31:10] patch of what we are envisioning to have for the first cosmological data release of Euclid, that it will be around 

[00:31:17] Guadaloupe: 2000 

[00:31:18] Guadaloupe: a 

[00:31:18] Guadaloupe: square 

[00:31:18] Markus: degrees.

[00:31:19] Markus: So what, can you [00:31:20] give an analogy of what? Two dose degrees? Square degrees.

[00:31:23] Markus: So for example, we all know, or some may have known, if you hold your thumb up at the night sky, 

[00:31:27] Markus: I 

[00:31:27] Markus: think that's 

[00:31:28] Markus: one degree.

[00:31:28] Guadaloupe: Yeah. Something 

[00:31:29] Guadaloupe: like 

[00:31:29] Guadaloupe: that. [00:31:30] So 

[00:31:31] Guadaloupe: for 

[00:31:31] Guadaloupe: each, 

[00:31:33] Guadaloupe: so just to give you a really a small analogy. The first time that we [00:31:40] envisioned to do this kind of maps from space, using already a viable data mm-hmm.

[00:31:45] Guadaloupe: Uh, for instance from the Havel telescope, um,

[00:31:48] Guadaloupe: the

[00:31:49] Guadaloupe: area that it [00:31:50] covered was as if you will put your, uh, finger, like your, like your mirror finger. It doesn't really matter

[00:31:56] Guadaloupe: up

[00:31:56] Guadaloupe: to the sky. And then it will roughly [00:32:00] correspond to the white patch of your nail. Mm-hmm.

[00:32:02] Guadaloupe: Okay. Um.

[00:32:05] Guadaloupe: now

[00:32:05] Guadaloupe: with Euclid, we are doing literally one third 

[00:32:08] Guadaloupe: of the sky.

[00:32:08] Guadaloupe: So

[00:32:09] Guadaloupe: one third.[00:32:10] 

[00:32:10] Guadaloupe: Yeah.

[00:32:10] Guadaloupe: So

[00:32:10] Guadaloupe: everything that you could potentially see that not necess, that is not contaminated with the light of our 

[00:32:16] Guadaloupe: own 

[00:32:16] Guadaloupe: galaxy.

[00:32:18] Guadaloupe: Uh, in

[00:32:18] Guadaloupe: total,

[00:32:19] Guadaloupe: that one [00:32:20] third correspond to roughly 15,000 square degrees. And as

[00:32:25] Guadaloupe: I said, the first time that we were doing like some of the first surveys, some of these first [00:32:30] maps that were produced either from space or from telescopes that we have like in our earth, uh, I mean in the ground Earth 

[00:32:35] Guadaloupe: right now

[00:32:36] Guadaloupe: was 

[00:32:37] Guadaloupe: like

[00:32:38] Guadaloupe: 20

[00:32:39] Guadaloupe: hmm.[00:32:40] 

[00:32:40] Guadaloupe: A square degrees. Wow. The first time, like 10 years ago. So that I visited the US that I was an exchange student, the first contact that I have with cosmology was the, one of the precursors, [00:32:50] like one of these

[00:32:50] Guadaloupe: first.

[00:32:51] Guadaloupe: Galaxy service that they were being developed, uh, that paved the way for later doing what we do with Euclid.

[00:32:57] Guadaloupe: And I was working with 20 a 

[00:32:59] Guadaloupe: square 

[00:32:59] Guadaloupe: [00:33:00] degrees 

[00:33:00] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:33:00] Guadaloupe: data.

[00:33:01] Guadaloupe: and now 20

[00:33:02] Guadaloupe: square degrees of data is

[00:33:03] Guadaloupe: half of the first Euclid 

[00:33:05] Guadaloupe: data released. 

[00:33:06] Markus: amazing.

[00:33:07] Markus: I was surprised to very recently [00:33:10] here that in 30 years 

[00:33:11] Markus: of operation, 

[00:33:12] Markus: the 

[00:33:12] Markus: Hubble 

[00:33:13] Markus: Telescope 

[00:33:14] Markus: observed 1% of the 

[00:33:16] Markus: entire 

[00:33:17] Markus: observable 

[00:33:18] Markus: universe. Yes. [00:33:20] This is 

[00:33:20] Markus: crazy. In 

[00:33:20] Guadaloupe: 30 

[00:33:21] Guadaloupe: years.

[00:33:21] Guadaloupe: Yeah. 

[00:33:22] Guadaloupe: I

[00:33:22] Guadaloupe: know 

[00:33:22] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:33:24] Guadaloupe: people 

[00:33:24] Guadaloupe: always ask

[00:33:25] Guadaloupe: me

[00:33:25] Guadaloupe: why have we as I think it's a really valid question, and it's a question that it [00:33:30] is worth thinking because it really rooted us again into the principles of

[00:33:33] Guadaloupe: Euclid. But 

[00:33:35] Guadaloupe: like

[00:33:35] Guadaloupe: a 

[00:33:35] Guadaloupe: really 

[00:33:35] Guadaloupe: first question 

[00:33:36] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:33:36] Guadaloupe: I get. From relatives, friends or overall the [00:33:40] public is why have we spent so much money to put another telescope in space?

[00:33:45] Guadaloupe: So what is Euclid offering us that Havel could not, [00:33:50] Jane, 

[00:33:50] Guadaloupe: we cannot. 

[00:33:52] Guadaloupe: And it is a really valid question. 'cause Havel and the new Jane we space telescope, they are so powerful. They're offering us [00:34:00] US insights of the universe that they were completely hidden to us before. So why Euclid? The difference is the feel of you.

[00:34:07] Guadaloupe: So

[00:34:07] Guadaloupe: as you

[00:34:08] Guadaloupe: were pointing out like in [00:34:10] 30 years of operations of Havo, like we just managed to have images of the universe that 

[00:34:16] Guadaloupe: were 

[00:34:16] Guadaloupe: like 

[00:34:16] Guadaloupe: 1%.

[00:34:17] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. 

[00:34:18] Guadaloupe: 1%.

[00:34:19] Guadaloupe: We achieve

[00:34:19] Guadaloupe: [00:34:20] it with Euclid 

[00:34:20] Guadaloupe: in two weeks. So every

[00:34:22] Guadaloupe: time that Euclid takes

[00:34:23] Guadaloupe: a picture, 

[00:34:24] Guadaloupe: the field 

[00:34:25] Guadaloupe: of view is so large that this is what allow us to take pictures of one third of the [00:34:30] sky in 

[00:34:30] Guadaloupe: six years

[00:34:30] Guadaloupe: operation. So. 

[00:34:33] Markus: But it's 

[00:34:34] Markus: not optical, 

[00:34:35] Markus: isn't 

[00:34:35] Guadaloupe: it? it? 

[00:34:35] Guadaloupe: is optical, and 

[00:34:36] Guadaloupe: it's 

[00:34:37] Guadaloupe: optical. It is optical. and 

[00:34:37] Markus: near 

[00:34:37] Markus: infrared,

[00:34:38] Markus: But if you compare it to [00:34:40] the, the 

[00:34:40] Guadaloupe: image 

[00:34:40] Markus: quality of Hubble, because 

[00:34:42] Markus: that's very 

[00:34:43] Guadaloupe: popular, 

[00:34:44] Guadaloupe: how does 

[00:34:44] Guadaloupe: it 

[00:34:44] Guadaloupe: compare?

[00:34:45] Guadaloupe: So in terms of hubl, our sharp NEPs in images, both in [00:34:50] the visible and in the near instrument is really similar.

[00:34:53] Guadaloupe: So the quality of images that you

[00:34:54] Guadaloupe: will have 

[00:34:55] Guadaloupe: with Euclid

[00:34:56] Guadaloupe: in our

[00:34:57] Guadaloupe: visible instrument and 

[00:34:58] Guadaloupe: Havel [00:35:00] are pretty, pretty much the same.

[00:35:02] Guadaloupe: So

[00:35:03] Guadaloupe: if 

[00:35:03] Guadaloupe: I will put you actually a Havel picture and a Euclid picture, and I will not specify, you will not be able to tell me which one is [00:35:10] coming from each telescope unless you're seeing the diffraction

[00:35:13] Guadaloupe: pattern of stars.

[00:35:14] Guadaloupe: That that will give 

[00:35:15] Guadaloupe: you like some indications.

[00:35:16] Guadaloupe: Now with respect to James Webb, James Webb is fantastic. I always say [00:35:20] like. Jane's Web is amazing as a magnifier For the universe. So 

[00:35:25] Guadaloupe: the, the, the instruments of Jane's Web are designed to [00:35:30] zoom in, in 

[00:35:31] Guadaloupe: detail. So this is how,

[00:35:33] Guadaloupe: if I put like a, if I

[00:35:35] Guadaloupe: put like an analogy with Euclid, you will be able to, in one snapshot, [00:35:40] take beautiful images as the Brazils cluster, where you have like millions of galaxies 

[00:35:43] Guadaloupe: just in 

[00:35:44] Guadaloupe: one single 

[00:35:44] Guadaloupe: view.

[00:35:45] Guadaloupe: With Gene's web, you will be able to resolve the star, [00:35:50] uh, I mean, how a stars not being born mm-hmm. In some 

[00:35:52] Guadaloupe: arms 

[00:35:53] Guadaloupe: of those galaxies. 

[00:35:55] Guadaloupe: Now,

[00:35:55] Guadaloupe: can

[00:35:56] Guadaloupe: you do, can you take like this feel of view with Gene's web? [00:36:00] Definitely, but it will take you centuries and we don't have centuries to be 

[00:36:03] Guadaloupe: mapping 

[00:36:04] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:36:04] Guadaloupe: universe.

[00:36:05] Guadaloupe: One of the biggest challenges that we have for, from Euclid, from the technological point of view [00:36:10] is that there is so much data that how do you bring all 

[00:36:13] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:36:13] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:36:13] Guadaloupe: information back 

[00:36:14] Guadaloupe: to 

[00:36:14] Guadaloupe: earth?

[00:36:15] Guadaloupe: So this

[00:36:16] Guadaloupe: was 

[00:36:16] Guadaloupe: one of the biggest challenges during the design phase [00:36:20] of Euclid because it required preparation not only at the level of like telecommunications, but preparation in earth. So we needed to build like [00:36:30] different antennas to retrieve the information that 

[00:36:32] Guadaloupe: Euclid is

[00:36:32] Guadaloupe: sending us in our caban, which I find fascinating.

[00:36:35] Guadaloupe: And also, Euclid is one of the first missions that have a 

[00:36:38] Guadaloupe: hard 

[00:36:38] Guadaloupe: disk 

[00:36:39] Guadaloupe: on 

[00:36:39] Guadaloupe: board.[00:36:40] 

[00:36:40] Guadaloupe: Really? 

[00:36:40] Guadaloupe: Yeah.

[00:36:40] Guadaloupe: Uh, because

[00:36:41] Guadaloupe: it was solid 

[00:36:42] Guadaloupe: state, 

[00:36:42] Markus: or what is it 

[00:36:43] Guadaloupe: actually? 

[00:36:43] Guadaloupe: I, I dunno. But

[00:36:45] Guadaloupe: I mean, every time that you're sending on a spacecraft into

[00:36:47] Guadaloupe: space You

[00:36:48] Guadaloupe: like, one of the biggest [00:36:50] handicaps 

[00:36:50] Guadaloupe: is 

[00:36:50] Guadaloupe: how 

[00:36:50] Guadaloupe: much it can wait. So

[00:36:52] Guadaloupe: at the

[00:36:52] Guadaloupe: end of the day, like the more.

[00:36:55] Guadaloupe: Heavy and a spacecraft is the more you have to spend it and put it in orbit. Uh, so [00:37:00] you always need to have like the sweet spot between these features. But with Euclid, we could not risk that. We cannot retrieve one day of

[00:37:09] Guadaloupe: observations [00:37:10] because

[00:37:10] Guadaloupe: one day of observations is 

[00:37:11] Guadaloupe: a lot 

[00:37:12] Guadaloupe: of data

[00:37:13] Guadaloupe: and

[00:37:13] Guadaloupe: it 

[00:37:13] Guadaloupe: will

[00:37:13] Guadaloupe: significantly 

[00:37:14] Markus: like how much

[00:37:14] Markus: data.

[00:37:15] Guadaloupe: it is a lot like, uh,

[00:37:17] Guadaloupe: just.

[00:37:19] Guadaloupe: [00:37:20] terabytes every night, every night, every night.

[00:37:22] Guadaloupe: And so every day that we are basically connecting with Euclid. Yeah, because,

[00:37:26] Guadaloupe: um, with

[00:37:27] Guadaloupe: Euclid we are seeing, so we take like a [00:37:30] snapshot of one part of the universe and

[00:37:32] Guadaloupe: that

[00:37:32] Guadaloupe: we get it

[00:37:33] Guadaloupe: like in the visible and in the near infrared. So 

[00:37:36] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:37:36] Guadaloupe: is already

[00:37:38] Guadaloupe: Very 

[00:37:38] Guadaloupe: heavy data.

[00:37:39] Guadaloupe: Like [00:37:40] imagine the best quality.

[00:37:41] Guadaloupe: I actually, well,

[00:37:42] Guadaloupe: this is something that, an exercise that, uh, the public or everyone could actually do.

[00:37:46] Guadaloupe: Please do me a favor. Like my father is so addicted 

[00:37:49] Guadaloupe: to 

[00:37:49] Guadaloupe: [00:37:50] this, 

[00:37:50] Guadaloupe: and actually 

[00:37:50] Guadaloupe: I love

[00:37:51] Guadaloupe: it too,

[00:37:51] Guadaloupe: but

[00:37:52] Guadaloupe: go

[00:37:52] Guadaloupe: to Isa Sky. And look at the latest CLE pictures that we have released and try to open them up in [00:38:00] 50 K times, 50 K

[00:38:02] Guadaloupe: quality. There is a reason why we don't give the public the option to download

[00:38:07] Guadaloupe: those basic 15 

[00:38:08] Guadaloupe: times. 1515 [00:38:10] K. Or 

[00:38:10] Guadaloupe: 15? 15. So one five. One five. Yeah. So,

[00:38:13] Guadaloupe: I mean the, the amazing quality that you have, like you could spend hours

[00:38:17] Guadaloupe: and hours assuming in and finding things. Yes.

[00:38:19] Guadaloupe: There is [00:38:20] a reason why we don't give the public the opportunity to download them because they're extraordinary heavy and it will be basically 

[00:38:25] Guadaloupe: giving us 

[00:38:25] Guadaloupe: some problems with our servers.

[00:38:27] Guadaloupe: Um,

[00:38:28] Guadaloupe: but 

[00:38:28] Guadaloupe: even if you try to

[00:38:29] Guadaloupe: download [00:38:30] like in a smaller

[00:38:30] Guadaloupe: quality you

[00:38:31] Guadaloupe: would already see how heavy they are and those images are processed. They are, they are not already the rotator. So they have like

[00:38:37] Guadaloupe: some featuring. So that will already give 

[00:38:39] Guadaloupe: you 

[00:38:39] Guadaloupe: an 

[00:38:39] Guadaloupe: [00:38:40] indication 

[00:38:40] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:38:40] Markus: how 

[00:38:41] Markus: much 

[00:38:41] Markus: we 

[00:38:41] Markus: have.

[00:38:41] Markus: This is, you know, what's mind blowing, if you ever try to transfer 

[00:38:45] Markus: 50 gigabytes 

[00:38:46] Markus: or a hundred gigabytes of 

[00:38:48] Markus: data from A to [00:38:50] B 

[00:38:50] Guadaloupe: over 

[00:38:50] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:38:50] Guadaloupe: internet, 

[00:38:50] Guadaloupe: you 

[00:38:51] Markus: know 

[00:38:51] Markus: how long that 

[00:38:52] Markus: takes.

[00:38:52] Markus: Now you're telling me that you have 

[00:38:54] Markus: a 

[00:38:54] Markus: terabyte of data per day transferred 

[00:38:57] Markus: over. 

[00:38:58] Markus: I 

[00:38:58] Markus: don't know 

[00:38:58] Markus: how many. many. [00:39:00] 

[00:39:00] Guadaloupe: many 

[00:39:01] Markus: and, and like

[00:39:02] Markus: the 

[00:39:02] Markus: distance 

[00:39:03] Markus: to 

[00:39:03] Guadaloupe: log garage 

[00:39:04] Guadaloupe: two. 

[00:39:04] Guadaloupe: What's 

[00:39:04] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:39:04] Guadaloupe: distance?

[00:39:05] Guadaloupe: I don't know actually,

[00:39:06] Guadaloupe: like 

[00:39:06] Markus: far. It's 

[00:39:07] Markus: very 

[00:39:07] Markus: far

[00:39:07] Markus: away. Like not just

[00:39:09] Markus: imagine [00:39:10] on ev 

[00:39:10] Markus: like 

[00:39:10] Markus: every 

[00:39:11] Markus: single day. 

[00:39:12] Markus: This 

[00:39:12] Guadaloupe: is, 

[00:39:13] Guadaloupe: this 

[00:39:13] Guadaloupe: is a miracle.

[00:39:14] Guadaloupe: Yeah.

[00:39:14] Guadaloupe: actually, 

[00:39:15] Guadaloupe: so this is what I'm saying, like the technological development that it was [00:39:20] necessary to make the science case of Euclid happened is extraordinary. Our instruments on board, they were designed particularly to [00:39:30] trace these hints, these subtle hints of the accelerated expansion of the uni 

[00:39:33] Guadaloupe: and 

[00:39:33] Guadaloupe: of the 

[00:39:34] Guadaloupe: universe, 

[00:39:34] Guadaloupe: and 

[00:39:34] Guadaloupe: therefore dark energy, like putting it on space and to make able to come up with a [00:39:40] telescope that it will support these two 

[00:39:41] Guadaloupe: instruments.

[00:39:43] Guadaloupe: Was already a challenge, like being able to operate for the duration of what the mission required to take pictures [00:39:50] of one third of the sky like technology in terms of telecommunications. That actually, I might say gonna be a little bit patriotic here, but actually this is the contributions of Spain towards the mission.

[00:39:59] Guadaloupe: [00:40:00] Uh, so one of our Spanish industries where the one responsible for the cape and antenna. Um,

[00:40:06] Guadaloupe: but uh, 

[00:40:06] Guadaloupe: yes, it's. 

[00:40:08] Guadaloupe: it's simply admirable. [00:40:10] And I think that is really important as well to understand the times in a space research and especially in cosmology. 'cause when you click well, how the [00:40:20] European Space Agency operates it, ask the scientific community, please tell us, uh, what would you like to be dedicating your scientific thoughts on?

[00:40:29] Guadaloupe: [00:40:30] And it basically. 

[00:40:31] Guadaloupe: Request 

[00:40:32] Guadaloupe: proposals 

[00:40:33] Markus: from

[00:40:33] Markus: the 

[00:40:33] Markus: community. 

[00:40:34] Markus: Well, I guess your inbox got 

[00:40:35] Markus: swamped, like 

[00:40:35] Markus: ISA 

[00:40:36] Markus: inbox got 

[00:40:36] Markus: swamped. 

[00:40:37] Guadaloupe: Like

[00:40:37] Guadaloupe: yeah, so Euclid was the merge [00:40:40] actually of two different proposals that came from two different scientific communities that they were proposing to do similar science, but one taking pictures and the other measuring [00:40:50] distances to galaxies.

[00:40:50] Guadaloupe: So the European Space Agency saw a possibility here to actually combining both instruments, putting

[00:40:56] Guadaloupe: them in

[00:40:56] Guadaloupe: an spacecraft. 

[00:40:57] Guadaloupe: And 

[00:40:58] Guadaloupe: this 

[00:40:58] Guadaloupe: is 

[00:40:58] Guadaloupe: how Euclid was born. [00:41:00] When these missions were proposed, these two proposals, they uh, reached. ISA was around 2007. Euclid was adopted as a M, so [00:41:10] medium class mission of the European Space Agency cosmic Vision program in 2011.

[00:41:15] Guadaloupe: We launched in 2023 and the first cosmological results, [00:41:20] hopefully if we are 

[00:41:21] Guadaloupe: up 

[00:41:21] Guadaloupe: for 

[00:41:21] Guadaloupe: the challenge 

[00:41:22] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:41:22] Guadaloupe: I think 

[00:41:22] Guadaloupe: we are, 

[00:41:23] Guadaloupe: they will 

[00:41:23] Guadaloupe: see light 

[00:41:24] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:41:24] Guadaloupe: 2026. Mm-hmm. So 20 years 

[00:41:27] Guadaloupe: after

[00:41:28] Guadaloupe: my

[00:41:28] Guadaloupe: colleagues Wow. In the [00:41:30] community thought, okay, this is possible to 

[00:41:31] Guadaloupe: be

[00:41:32] Guadaloupe: happening. front base. Fantastic. 

[00:41:33] Markus: So. 

[00:41:35] Markus: I'm 

[00:41:35] Markus: wondering, 

[00:41:36] Markus: you have access to the secret 

[00:41:39] Markus: vaults 

[00:41:39] Markus: [00:41:40] of 

[00:41:40] Markus: the 

[00:41:40] Markus: Euclid mission.

[00:41:41] Markus: What 

[00:41:43] Markus: is known already from its findings, 

[00:41:46] Markus: from 

[00:41:47] Markus: Euclid's 

[00:41:48] Markus: observations 

[00:41:49] Markus: [00:41:50] about 

[00:41:50] Markus: the 

[00:41:50] Markus: big 

[00:41:50] Markus: question.

[00:41:52] Markus: I

[00:41:52] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:41:53] Guadaloupe: I could actually. 

[00:41:54] Guadaloupe: Tell you. Yeah. Uh, right now we are still in a process of farther [00:42:00] understanding our instruments to verifying that 

[00:42:02] Guadaloupe: everything, 

[00:42:04] Guadaloupe: I wouldn't say works correctly, but that we are pretty much in syn in the 

[00:42:08] Guadaloupe: understanding 

[00:42:09] Guadaloupe: [00:42:10] of

[00:42:11] Guadaloupe: The

[00:42:11] Guadaloupe: instruments, but also how all the data is being processed.

[00:42:15] Guadaloupe: 'cause 

[00:42:15] Guadaloupe: at the 

[00:42:16] Guadaloupe: end of 

[00:42:16] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:42:16] Guadaloupe: day. 

[00:42:17] Guadaloupe: It

[00:42:17] Guadaloupe: is about the big [00:42:20] discoveries, but you want to be sure that if there is a big discovery out there, there is no question whatsoever that this could come from the fact that, that [00:42:30] we did not understand really well what it was 

[00:42:32] Guadaloupe: happening. 

[00:42:32] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. We, the rotator. Mm-hmm. 

[00:42:35] Guadaloupe: And we already have some cases in the past where it was [00:42:40] believed that a very important discovery happened and at the end of the day, it was pretty much like a poor understanding on different, what we call systematic effects.

[00:42:49] Guadaloupe: So [00:42:50] really not understanding how our instruments themselves are behaving. So we cannot correct for all the different uncertainties associated

[00:42:57] Guadaloupe: to them. So

[00:42:57] Guadaloupe: this 

[00:42:58] Guadaloupe: is exactly 

[00:42:58] Guadaloupe: what we 

[00:42:58] Guadaloupe: are doing right [00:43:00] now. In Euclid. So the Euclid mission is led by ISA in operations. The scientific exploitation and the instruments are [00:43:10] responsibility of the Euclid Consortium, the, the scientific collaboration behind so thousands of scientists, uh, working extremely hard to, to make the [00:43:20] Euclid science happen.

[00:43:21] Guadaloupe: And right now we are very busy processing the first 500 square degrees

[00:43:27] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:43:27] Guadaloupe: observations 

[00:43:27] Guadaloupe: of Euclid that will give us an 

[00:43:29] Guadaloupe: [00:43:30] indication

[00:43:31] Guadaloupe: of,

[00:43:32] Guadaloupe: Well

[00:43:32] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:43:32] Guadaloupe: will 

[00:43:32] Guadaloupe: give 

[00:43:32] Guadaloupe: us 

[00:43:33] Guadaloupe: the opportunity

[00:43:33] Guadaloupe: mm-hmm.

[00:43:34] Guadaloupe: Of testing our

[00:43:36] Guadaloupe: data

[00:43:36] Guadaloupe: processing pipelines and further understanding of our own [00:43:40] universe so that we can develop robust, in this case, scientific intuition rooted, uh, in really seeing results of how we [00:43:50] are doing things for.

[00:43:51] Guadaloupe: Okay. Now, once that we go to these 2000 square degrees, that it is gonna be the first cosmological

[00:43:57] Guadaloupe: release 

[00:43:58] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:43:58] Guadaloupe: is 

[00:43:58] Guadaloupe: already 

[00:43:59] Guadaloupe: Dabble [00:44:00] it will be competitive to what it has already been happening from the ground base telescopes. If there is some hints that finally we are breaking [00:44:10] with this standard cosmological model, that I'm really looking forward to the case 

[00:44:13] Guadaloupe: to be like that 

[00:44:15] Guadaloupe: I, yeah.

[00:44:16] Guadaloupe: So 

[00:44:16] Guadaloupe: we need 

[00:44:17] Guadaloupe: to be 

[00:44:17] Guadaloupe: sure 

[00:44:18] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:44:19] Guadaloupe: there is no [00:44:20] question whatsoever that, okay, there is something that we missed in terms of understanding of our instruments. So this is exactly what we are doing right now. This is what we are putting like all our energy. So [00:44:30] understanding the instruments and how to model all the different statistical uncertainties associated to the systematic effects so that once that we process these 2000 square [00:44:40] degrees, if there is some hint that there is something in there, we are pretty confident to tell 

[00:44:45] Guadaloupe: to 

[00:44:45] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:44:45] Guadaloupe: community, Hey, 

[00:44:46] Guadaloupe: this is 

[00:44:46] Guadaloupe: what 

[00:44:46] Guadaloupe: we 

[00:44:47] Guadaloupe: found.

[00:44:47] Markus: Hmm. 

[00:44:49] Markus: [00:44:50] If we 

[00:44:50] Markus: assume, or if we see the transition 

[00:44:53] Markus: from Newton, 

[00:44:54] Markus: from 

[00:44:54] Markus: the 

[00:44:54] Markus: understanding 

[00:44:55] Markus: of Newton's findings 

[00:44:56] Markus: to 

[00:44:57] Markus: Einstein 

[00:44:57] Markus: as 

[00:44:58] Markus: a paradigm shift, [00:45:00] 

[00:45:00] Markus: do you 

[00:45:01] Markus: see 

[00:45:02] Markus: another 

[00:45:02] Markus: paradigm shift 

[00:45:05] Markus: coming 

[00:45:05] Markus: in necessary in order to get 

[00:45:08] Markus: an understanding 

[00:45:09] Markus: for [00:45:10] the original questions 

[00:45:12] Markus: that we were 

[00:45:12] Markus: discussing? 

[00:45:13] Markus: Or could it be that we are making a mistake at the moment because 

[00:45:18] Markus: we 

[00:45:18] Markus: are 

[00:45:18] Markus: looking at 

[00:45:18] Markus: something

[00:45:19] Markus: the 

[00:45:19] Markus: [00:45:20] wrong 

[00:45:20] Markus: way.

[00:45:22] Guadaloupe: I 

[00:45:22] Guadaloupe: think that it will be somewhere in between because 

[00:45:26] Guadaloupe: I 

[00:45:26] Guadaloupe: do not like 

[00:45:27] Guadaloupe: to 

[00:45:28] Guadaloupe: portray this.[00:45:30] 

[00:45:30] Guadaloupe: I

[00:45:30] Guadaloupe: don't think that it is fair to portray this, uh, transition between Newton Newtonian gravity and Einstein theory of general [00:45:40] relativity as too completely different. 

[00:45:42] Guadaloupe: It 

[00:45:43] Guadaloupe: was revolutionary.

[00:45:45] Guadaloupe: But

[00:45:45] Guadaloupe: it was revolutionary in the sense that the theory of general, of general relativity was opening [00:45:50] up different scales and new possibilities 

[00:45:52] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:45:52] Guadaloupe: Newtonian Gravity could not. So 

[00:45:54] Guadaloupe: it's 

[00:45:54] Guadaloupe: an 

[00:45:54] Guadaloupe: augmentation 

[00:45:55] Guadaloupe: Exactly. But like if, 

[00:45:57] Guadaloupe: like Exactly. One of,

[00:45:58] Guadaloupe: actually, one of the exercise that I [00:46:00] always 

[00:46:00] Guadaloupe: ask 

[00:46:00] Guadaloupe: my students 

[00:46:00] Guadaloupe: to do is that

[00:46:02] Guadaloupe: Try 

[00:46:02] Guadaloupe: in the

[00:46:02] Guadaloupe: limits 

[00:46:04] Guadaloupe: that we know of our earth, like distances to earth, moons on and so forth, recover Newtonian [00:46:10] gravity from the theory 

[00:46:11] Guadaloupe: of ice time. 

[00:46:12] Guadaloupe: And this is something that you could do.

[00:46:13] Guadaloupe: So it was like, okay, so suddenly we, with Newton gravity, we, or Yeah, with the work of Newton, so we [00:46:20] have access to basically describe how gravity works in our scales of earth, pretty much. Or like the moon with some planets on already. When 

[00:46:29] Guadaloupe: [00:46:30] you 

[00:46:30] Guadaloupe: already go to very far away planets, you, and especially in communications, you need to include corrections

[00:46:35] Guadaloupe: from the theory

[00:46:36] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:46:36] Guadaloupe: Albert Einstein.

[00:46:37] Guadaloupe: But 

[00:46:38] Guadaloupe: then

[00:46:39] Guadaloupe: we have [00:46:40] like this revolutionary approach of understanding how gravity actually works from Al Einstein. And sadly, you have access to longer distance to study

[00:46:49] Guadaloupe: [00:46:50] really 

[00:46:50] Guadaloupe: in

[00:46:50] Guadaloupe: detail

[00:46:50] Guadaloupe: and really robustly how the thi, 

[00:46:53] Guadaloupe: I mean, how 

[00:46:53] Guadaloupe: the loss of gravity work. I think that now with Euclid or these approaches that we are doing in modern [00:47:00] cosmology, we will open it up like a new door of understanding how gravity works 

[00:47:04] Guadaloupe: on a 

[00:47:05] Guadaloupe: even 

[00:47:05] Guadaloupe: larger

[00:47:06] Guadaloupe: scales. 

[00:47:07] Markus: that doesn't 

[00:47:07] Markus: mean that 

[00:47:08] Markus: relativity is wrong. 

[00:47:09] Markus: No, 

[00:47:09] Guadaloupe: it's 

[00:47:09] Guadaloupe: [00:47:10] just 

[00:47:10] Guadaloupe: a, note. a 

[00:47:10] Guadaloupe: new 

[00:47:11] Guadaloupe: and 

[00:47:11] Guadaloupe: open 

[00:47:11] Guadaloupe: door. Exactly. 

[00:47:12] Guadaloupe: So 

[00:47:12] Guadaloupe: I 

[00:47:12] Guadaloupe: think 

[00:47:12] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:47:12] Guadaloupe: it's 

[00:47:13] Guadaloupe: just

[00:47:14] Guadaloupe: that

[00:47:14] Guadaloupe: it will 

[00:47:14] Guadaloupe: be like at the end, a theory is a mathematical model 

[00:47:19] Guadaloupe: [00:47:20] that 

[00:47:20] Guadaloupe: we have 

[00:47:20] Guadaloupe: to 

[00:47:20] Guadaloupe: describe,

[00:47:22] Guadaloupe: um, how

[00:47:23] Guadaloupe: nature

[00:47:23] Guadaloupe: works. Mm-hmm. And. It's not, it's always per se, incomplete. We do not [00:47:30] have a theory of everything, even on different fields of soup, fields 

[00:47:33] Guadaloupe: of physics.

[00:47:34] Guadaloupe: We 

[00:47:34] Guadaloupe: have like 

[00:47:35] Guadaloupe: different models that 

[00:47:36] Guadaloupe: work particularly for soup [00:47:40] problems of physics. And in this case, what we are studying is gravity really understanding 

[00:47:44] Guadaloupe: how gravity 

[00:47:45] Guadaloupe: works 

[00:47:45] Guadaloupe: in space in 

[00:47:46] Guadaloupe: the universe. 

[00:47:47] Guadaloupe: So I think that we will see something more on towards this [00:47:50] line,

[00:47:50] Guadaloupe: So

[00:47:50] Guadaloupe: mm-hmm. Potentially like open up a new door of this model just to give us like more possibilities in terms of further understanding.

[00:47:58] Guadaloupe: But we are not [00:48:00] saying, Hey, Newton was wrong or Albert Einstein was wrong. And I think that is, I'm really trying to put my best, uh, in terms of [00:48:10] outreach, um, 

[00:48:10] Guadaloupe: and 

[00:48:11] Guadaloupe: communications to.

[00:48:13] Guadaloupe: Focused

[00:48:13] Guadaloupe: on these details because we already messed up with the term dark energy

[00:48:17] Guadaloupe: in

[00:48:17] Guadaloupe: terms of like, okay, it's not really dark. So this [00:48:20] is what I'm saying.

[00:48:20] Guadaloupe: We are not gonna break with the theory of general relativity of Al Einstein. We, 

[00:48:25] Guadaloupe: there 

[00:48:25] Guadaloupe: is 

[00:48:26] Guadaloupe: possibilities and it is likely that we will say it is incomplete [00:48:30] of our understanding of Dan theory was incomplete 

[00:48:32] Guadaloupe: and 

[00:48:33] Guadaloupe: I 

[00:48:33] Guadaloupe: think 

[00:48:33] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:48:33] Guadaloupe: this 

[00:48:33] Guadaloupe: is 

[00:48:33] Guadaloupe: most 

[00:48:34] Guadaloupe: likely 

[00:48:34] Guadaloupe: what it 

[00:48:34] Guadaloupe: will 

[00:48:34] Guadaloupe: happen.

[00:48:35] Guadaloupe: Yeah. 

[00:48:35] Markus: That's why they say 

[00:48:36] Markus: standing 

[00:48:37] Markus: on 

[00:48:37] Markus: the shoulders 

[00:48:37] Markus: of 

[00:48:37] Markus: giants, the giants 

[00:48:38] Markus: don't go away. 

[00:48:39] Markus: [00:48:40] Exactly. 

[00:48:40] Markus: They don't go away. We just keep building upon 

[00:48:43] Guadaloupe: shoulders. 

[00:48:44] Guadaloupe: I 

[00:48:44] Guadaloupe: think 

[00:48:44] Guadaloupe: that's 

[00:48:45] Guadaloupe: a 

[00:48:45] Guadaloupe: beautiful 

[00:48:45] Guadaloupe: analogy.

[00:48:46] Guadaloupe: Yeah, exactly. Indeed. Um, this is what most likely [00:48:50] will end up

[00:48:50] Guadaloupe: happening.

[00:48:51] Guadaloupe: Yeah.

[00:48:51] Guadaloupe: By the end

[00:48:52] Guadaloupe: of, yeah. Or hopefully

[00:48:53] Guadaloupe: this was when we desired that after um, uh, yeah, CLE final operations and we have like [00:49:00] this beautiful 3D map of the universe and one third 

[00:49:02] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:49:02] Guadaloupe: the sky.

[00:49:02] Guadaloupe: We could 

[00:49:03] Guadaloupe: potentially. Work towards that direction that we will have like a new theory that will [00:49:10] still be based on what we knew before, 

[00:49:12] Guadaloupe: but 

[00:49:12] Guadaloupe: it 

[00:49:12] Guadaloupe: will 

[00:49:12] Guadaloupe: open up 

[00:49:12] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:49:13] Guadaloupe: possibility to 

[00:49:13] Guadaloupe: think 

[00:49:14] Markus: farther

[00:49:14] Markus: from the very beginning of 

[00:49:16] Markus: Euclid 

[00:49:16] Markus: you 

[00:49:16] Markus: mentioned 

[00:49:17] Markus: 20 

[00:49:17] Markus: years ago.

[00:49:18] Markus: Um, [00:49:20] 

[00:49:20] Markus: I 

[00:49:20] Markus: think 

[00:49:21] Markus: a

[00:49:21] Markus: lot.

[00:49:22] Markus: must 

[00:49:23] Markus: have happened in the meantime, in theory also 

[00:49:26] Markus: amongst 

[00:49:27] Markus: theoretical 

[00:49:28] Markus: physicists. 

[00:49:28] Markus: Yep. [00:49:30] Cosmologists. 

[00:49:30] Markus: So 

[00:49:31] Markus: if funding 

[00:49:32] Markus: were not an option,

[00:49:33] Markus: uh, a, a, a, um, 

[00:49:35] Markus: a 

[00:49:35] Markus: question, 

[00:49:35] Markus: a question and 

[00:49:36] Markus: a challenge, 

[00:49:39] Markus: would 

[00:49:39] Markus: we 

[00:49:39] Markus: [00:49:40] now 

[00:49:40] Markus: build 

[00:49:41] Markus: a,

[00:49:41] Markus: a 

[00:49:42] Markus: a telescope 

[00:49:43] Markus: that 

[00:49:44] Markus: could do profound new observations that we would [00:49:50] never be able to do with whatever, with Euclid and with all the new telescopes, would we do something profoundly different or just augmenting on what we're [00:50:00] having?

[00:50:01] Markus: At 

[00:50:01] Markus: the moment if money funding is not an issue, because I'm, I'm just asking, is there a promising theory

[00:50:08] Markus: you would

[00:50:09] Markus: love 

[00:50:09] Markus: to 

[00:50:09] Markus: [00:50:10] observe 

[00:50:10] Markus: at 

[00:50:11] Markus: the 

[00:50:11] Markus: moment?

[00:50:13] Guadaloupe: This is a very, very good question. Um, and a question that I am starting to [00:50:20] carefully think about now that I've been studying cosmology and, um, 

[00:50:25] Guadaloupe: I've been 

[00:50:25] Guadaloupe: a cosmologist, I would say cosmology has been on my life [00:50:30] for 10 years now.

[00:50:31] Guadaloupe: So over a decade, a decade is still half of the time that it has taken for Euclid, um, between its conception, [00:50:40] adoption 

[00:50:41] Guadaloupe: and 

[00:50:41] Guadaloupe: start collecting 

[00:50:41] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:50:42] Guadaloupe: first 

[00:50:42] Guadaloupe: data. 

[00:50:43] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm.

[00:50:45] Guadaloupe: The

[00:50:45] Guadaloupe: first 

[00:50:45] Guadaloupe: contact that I have with cosmology precisely was doing very similar stuff as [00:50:50] we are doing with Euclid. Uh, instead of front space using, uh, a beautiful telescope, uh, Japanese led in Hawaii, that it 

[00:50:58] Guadaloupe: is 

[00:50:58] Guadaloupe: called uba.

[00:50:59] Guadaloupe: [00:51:00] So with uba, and this is one of the things that I do in every outreach talk that I have opportunity to, because we already have like some overlap with the observations of Euclid with uba. So I take [00:51:10] like an image of UBA and then I overpost it with Euclid. So you get like

[00:51:12] Guadaloupe: the sharpness

[00:51:13] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:51:13] Guadaloupe: why we're 

[00:51:13] Guadaloupe: going to space.

[00:51:15] Guadaloupe: But if you think about it 

[00:51:16] Guadaloupe: in 

[00:51:16] Guadaloupe: terms of 

[00:51:17] Guadaloupe: like 

[00:51:18] Guadaloupe: the real [00:51:20] mechanism that we are using these, these, these, this approach of assuming that the shapes, the upper end shape 

[00:51:26] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:51:27] Guadaloupe: galaxies gets distorted because there is [00:51:30] mattering between those galaxies and us or this gravitational lensing, that it is one of the mechanisms that Euclid have to basically trace where matter is on

[00:51:37] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:51:37] Guadaloupe: universe

[00:51:38] Guadaloupe: to 

[00:51:38] Guadaloupe: create this map [00:51:40] 

[00:51:40] Guadaloupe: that is one of.

[00:51:42] Guadaloupe: The outcomes of the theory 

[00:51:44] Guadaloupe: of general relativity. 

[00:51:46] Guadaloupe: And it is the mechanism that we are pretty much using 

[00:51:49] Guadaloupe: these [00:51:50] days 

[00:51:50] Guadaloupe: for Euclid two. 

[00:51:52] Guadaloupe: And 

[00:51:53] Guadaloupe: when I started working on this 10 years ago, it was on the flourishing of demonstrating 

[00:51:59] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:51:59] Guadaloupe: [00:52:00] potentially this 

[00:52:01] Guadaloupe: could happen.

[00:52:01] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm.

[00:52:02] Guadaloupe: And now that we are certain that it works, we 

[00:52:06] Guadaloupe: are going 

[00:52:07] Guadaloupe: to space.

[00:52:07] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. 

[00:52:08] Guadaloupe: So with this, what I want to put as a [00:52:10] manifest is that even the theory continues evolving, 

[00:52:14] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:52:16] Guadaloupe: history of science or history of physics tell us that this [00:52:20] revolutionary concepts

[00:52:22] Guadaloupe: happened

[00:52:24] Guadaloupe: on a really drop and scatter way, 

[00:52:27] Guadaloupe: and that 

[00:52:28] Guadaloupe: science 

[00:52:28] Guadaloupe: move forward 

[00:52:29] Guadaloupe: [00:52:30] by 

[00:52:30] Guadaloupe: rooting on these, uh, extraordinary, amazing ideas, 

[00:52:34] Guadaloupe: but 

[00:52:35] Guadaloupe: making 

[00:52:36] Guadaloupe: them. 

[00:52:38] Guadaloupe: Go from 

[00:52:39] Guadaloupe: is a [00:52:40] concept mm-hmm. To, okay, let's use it. Mm-hmm. And from being a concept, and ho 

[00:52:44] Guadaloupe: let's, 

[00:52:45] Guadaloupe: let's use 

[00:52:45] Guadaloupe: it requires like a lot of work infrastructure work, like [00:52:50] development work and also theory work. Mm-hmm. So what it have happened between Euclid being adopted and Euclid now is 

[00:52:59] Guadaloupe: that 

[00:52:59] Guadaloupe: we [00:53:00] have refined

[00:53:01] Guadaloupe: pretty much our equations.

[00:53:03] Guadaloupe: And actually this is the work that I do for the Euclid Consortium. So one of the roles that I had within the Euclid consortium was [00:53:10] revisiting how we, um, how we, um, basically agreed on having what we call scientific requirements. So how well we have to measure [00:53:20] the shapes of galaxies

[00:53:21] Guadaloupe: to

[00:53:21] Guadaloupe: be able to detect 

[00:53:22] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:53:23] Guadaloupe: subtle traces of 

[00:53:24] Guadaloupe: that energy.

[00:53:25] Guadaloupe: And this was done with the knowledge that we had in 2007. And [00:53:30] part of 

[00:53:30] Guadaloupe: my 

[00:53:30] Guadaloupe: work has 

[00:53:31] Guadaloupe: been, 

[00:53:31] Guadaloupe: okay, 

[00:53:31] Guadaloupe: so 

[00:53:31] Guadaloupe: let's 

[00:53:31] Guadaloupe: revisit.

[00:53:33] Guadaloupe: how

[00:53:34] Guadaloupe: far away

[00:53:35] Guadaloupe: are

[00:53:35] Guadaloupe: we from the

[00:53:36] Guadaloupe: numbers that we provided like 20 years ago? And one of the [00:53:40] outcomes is that, okay, we have refined our scientific requirements, but they are not that far away from what we thought that it could

[00:53:48] Guadaloupe: potentially be the 

[00:53:49] Guadaloupe: case [00:53:50] 20 years

[00:53:50] Guadaloupe: later. And that

[00:53:51] Guadaloupe: already give us like a really important indication 

[00:53:54] Guadaloupe: that, 

[00:53:54] Guadaloupe: okay, 

[00:53:54] Guadaloupe: so what 

[00:53:54] Guadaloupe: we are doing 

[00:53:55] Guadaloupe: is, I wouldn't like to say fine tuning, but like really, [00:54:00] um, like making the equations way more precise and our understanding on the instruments so precise, our modeling so precise, we can really

[00:54:09] Guadaloupe: [00:54:10] discern

[00:54:10] Guadaloupe: between 

[00:54:11] Guadaloupe: models 

[00:54:12] Guadaloupe: what the future has to hold, given of what the landscape is looking like these days.

[00:54:18] Guadaloupe: I think that the future of cosmology [00:54:20] will be in what we call like multi messenger cosmology, so, right. Yeah. So right now we are looking at our universe pretty 

[00:54:26] Guadaloupe: much 

[00:54:27] Guadaloupe: on the 

[00:54:28] Guadaloupe: light.

[00:54:29] Guadaloupe: A 

[00:54:29] Guadaloupe: [00:54:30] Spectrum. So

[00:54:30] Guadaloupe: we are talking about the visible, 

[00:54:32] Guadaloupe: our 

[00:54:32] Guadaloupe: near infrared. but

[00:54:34] Guadaloupe: we've never have observed a universe as a whole in the eyes 

[00:54:38] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:54:39] Guadaloupe: gravitational [00:54:40] waves.

[00:54:40] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm.

[00:54:40] Guadaloupe: So gravitational

[00:54:41] Guadaloupe: waves are our prediction of the theory of general relativity as well, that tell us that objects that have mass in the universe and that really massive and they move and they interact through [00:54:50] gravity. They also meet some kind of waves, really similar 

[00:54:54] Guadaloupe: to 

[00:54:54] Guadaloupe: the waves, 

[00:54:55] Guadaloupe: associated to 

[00:54:55] Guadaloupe: photons 

[00:54:56] Guadaloupe: in the 

[00:54:56] Guadaloupe: lighter spectrum.

[00:54:57] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. So it offers us like a new way [00:55:00] of seeing the universe, uh, with different eyes, with a different set of glasses.

[00:55:06] Guadaloupe: Um. Right

[00:55:07] Guadaloupe: now we had the first discovery, the [00:55:10] first, uh, discovery of the first gravitational wave event. It was already back in 20 50, 20

[00:55:16] Guadaloupe: 16. Um, that was one event. Now we have like [00:55:20] hundreds of events like the future.

[00:55:22] Guadaloupe: We already 

[00:55:23] Guadaloupe: have 

[00:55:24] Guadaloupe: experiments that they're building, that 

[00:55:26] Guadaloupe: they're building 

[00:55:26] Guadaloupe: up, that they 

[00:55:27] Guadaloupe: are 

[00:55:27] Guadaloupe: approved. 

[00:55:28] Guadaloupe: For going and studying the [00:55:30] universe, uh, using gravitational waves, 

[00:55:32] Guadaloupe: either 

[00:55:32] Guadaloupe: from the 

[00:55:33] Guadaloupe: ground 

[00:55:34] Guadaloupe: or from space. And I think that cosmology 

[00:55:37] Guadaloupe: will 

[00:55:37] Guadaloupe: go towards 

[00:55:39] Guadaloupe: doing [00:55:40] this multi messenger. So we look at some part of the universe, both in gravitational waves 

[00:55:46] Guadaloupe: and both 

[00:55:47] Guadaloupe: in 

[00:55:47] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:55:47] Guadaloupe: light, 

[00:55:48] Guadaloupe: the spectrum.

[00:55:49] Guadaloupe: But this,

[00:55:49] Guadaloupe: but 

[00:55:49] Guadaloupe: this [00:55:50] 

[00:55:50] Markus: already be done, right?

[00:55:51] Markus: So if it could already be 

[00:55:51] Markus: done, 

[00:55:52] Markus: I mean, like

[00:55:52] Markus: if the, 

[00:55:53] Markus: if, 

[00:55:53] Markus: if 

[00:55:53] Guadaloupe: the community 

[00:55:54] Guadaloupe: agreed 

[00:55:55] Markus: on 

[00:55:55] Markus: an event 

[00:55:56] Markus: Oh,

[00:55:56] Markus: yes. And then synchronized all their

[00:55:58] Guadaloupe: telescopes 

[00:55:58] Guadaloupe: and 

[00:55:58] Guadaloupe: everything 

[00:55:59] Guadaloupe: they had 

[00:55:59] Guadaloupe: on 

[00:55:59] Guadaloupe: [00:56:00] that 

[00:56:00] Guadaloupe: event.

[00:56:00] Guadaloupe: Yeah. 

[00:56:00] Guadaloupe: Look, I'm gonna tell to the

[00:56:01] Guadaloupe: public

[00:56:02] Guadaloupe: a little bit and to, and to the, 

[00:56:04] Guadaloupe: to 

[00:56:04] Guadaloupe: the audience, 

[00:56:04] Guadaloupe: like 

[00:56:04] Guadaloupe: one 

[00:56:05] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:56:05] Guadaloupe: the most

[00:56:06] Guadaloupe: amazing

[00:56:07] Guadaloupe: anecdotes that I have of my short [00:56:10] career indeed, like this has, this has already happened.

[00:56:12] Guadaloupe: We already have observations, and this is why we know that it works. We already have observations 

[00:56:17] Guadaloupe: of some 

[00:56:17] Guadaloupe: events

[00:56:18] Guadaloupe: that

[00:56:18] Guadaloupe: could be seen [00:56:20] both 

[00:56:20] Guadaloupe: in 

[00:56:21] Guadaloupe: the in light, so in the normal light spectrum and 

[00:56:26] Guadaloupe: in gravitational 

[00:56:27] Guadaloupe: waves. Now. We know that it has to be [00:56:30] objects that are really massive. So the gravitational waves signature is strong enough so we can detect it.

[00:56:36] Guadaloupe: And you know that it have to be objects that, that are also [00:56:40] seen in the visible range, like in light. So it's not about finding two super massive plate holes and suddenly they're merging with each other because you wouldn't get to see [00:56:50] that with your telescope. We had to wait until the mergers of really heavy compact stars, and those are neutron stars.

[00:56:57] Guadaloupe: So once that, we had the first detection [00:57:00] on both gravitational waves

[00:57:01] Guadaloupe: and. 

[00:57:02] Guadaloupe: Light,

[00:57:03] Guadaloupe: uh, of

[00:57:04] Guadaloupe: two neutron stars merging with each 

[00:57:06] Guadaloupe: other. 

[00:57:07] Guadaloupe: We rule out so many

[00:57:09] Guadaloupe: [00:57:10] different

[00:57:10] Guadaloupe: modify and dark energy theories because some of these theories already predicted that, 

[00:57:15] Guadaloupe: um,

[00:57:16] Guadaloupe: um,

[00:57:16] Guadaloupe: that, uh, speed associated [00:57:20] to 

[00:57:20] Guadaloupe: the, the,

[00:57:22] Guadaloupe: the,

[00:57:22] Guadaloupe: the mathematical concept of the field behind 

[00:57:24] Guadaloupe: dark energy. 

[00:57:26] Guadaloupe: Must show differences between the [00:57:30] propagation of gravitational waves and the propagation of light. Mm-hmm. So most of these theories predicts that actually gravitational waves also, um, have an speed as the speed of light. [00:57:40] So the same value, but some other did not. Mm-hmm. 

[00:57:42] Guadaloupe: And 

[00:57:42] Guadaloupe: with this particular measurement, um, it was demonstrated that the light of, um, I mean of [00:57:50] the speed 

[00:57:50] Guadaloupe: of 

[00:57:50] Guadaloupe: gravitational wave is pretty much the

[00:57:51] Guadaloupe: speed of light.

[00:57:52] Guadaloupe: So they were

[00:57:53] Guadaloupe: already like many. And now 

[00:57:54] Guadaloupe: the 

[00:57:54] Guadaloupe: anecdote is that 

[00:57:57] Guadaloupe: basically Ligo [00:58:00] uh,

[00:58:00] Guadaloupe: Was the one that, uh, was basically behind 

[00:58:03] Guadaloupe: the observation 

[00:58:03] Guadaloupe: of gravitational wave

[00:58:05] Guadaloupe: put back in

[00:58:05] Guadaloupe: a social media

[00:58:06] Guadaloupe: many years ago. Tomorrow we are gonna be doing an [00:58:10] amazing, uh, discover. I mean, we are making an announcement of an amazing discovery.

[00:58:14] Guadaloupe: The community was already expecting because as you said, this could be done now. Mm-hmm. So the people, people were [00:58:20] already expecting that eventually this will be something that it will happen. And Ians cosmologists, in theory, 

[00:58:27] Guadaloupe: um, 

[00:58:28] Guadaloupe: wrote papers, 

[00:58:29] Guadaloupe: [00:58:30] like

[00:58:31] Guadaloupe: papers,

[00:58:31] Guadaloupe: assuming that the speed of gravitational waste 

[00:58:33] Guadaloupe: wasl as the

[00:58:34] Guadaloupe: speed of light. papers that thought that, okay, this 

[00:58:37] Guadaloupe: is 

[00:58:37] Guadaloupe: not the speed 

[00:58:38] Guadaloupe: of light.

[00:58:39] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. [00:58:40] And

[00:58:40] Guadaloupe: they were just simply waiting so few hours after the discovery 

[00:58:43] Guadaloupe: itself 

[00:58:44] Guadaloupe: and 

[00:58:44] Guadaloupe: the announcement.

[00:58:46] Guadaloupe: we 

[00:58:46] Guadaloupe: already have like published articles just because we have [00:58:50] like some millennial scientist on social media that they already have gone through all our theories and say like, yes, no,

[00:58:56] Guadaloupe: yes, no, yes,

[00:58:57] Guadaloupe: no.

[00:58:58] Guadaloupe: And this already tells you that [00:59:00] like when there is something exciting and something that it has like sufficiently hype 

[00:59:03] Guadaloupe: science 

[00:59:04] Guadaloupe: move extremely

[00:59:05] Guadaloupe: fast. Now what

[00:59:06] Guadaloupe: do we actually need to do? Cosmology for MultiPro, uh, [00:59:10] event.

[00:59:10] Guadaloupe: We need many in exactly the

[00:59:12] Guadaloupe: same way that we are going to space to measure like millions to classify and to survey like billions of galaxies.

[00:59:19] Guadaloupe: We will [00:59:20] need to do something similar for

[00:59:21] Guadaloupe: gravitational wave events and we are not there yet. So we are talking about a hundred we are seeing in gravitational waves as it 

[00:59:27] Guadaloupe: happened 

[00:59:28] Guadaloupe: with 

[00:59:29] Guadaloupe: [00:59:30] Galaxy surveys

[00:59:31] Guadaloupe: 20 

[00:59:31] Guadaloupe: years. mm-hmm. 

[00:59:32] Guadaloupe: Behind us. Mm-hmm.

[00:59:33] Guadaloupe: So I think that we still need to wait, but definitely tons of work to do in this direction to start 

[00:59:38] Guadaloupe: modeling 

[00:59:38] Guadaloupe: how 

[00:59:38] Guadaloupe: to

[00:59:38] Guadaloupe: do MultiPro [00:59:40] cosmology.

[00:59:42] Markus: Artificial 

[00:59:42] Markus: intelligence is everywhere. 

[00:59:43] Markus: Oh 

[00:59:44] Markus: yes. Is this also something 

[00:59:46] Markus: that 

[00:59:46] Markus: is 

[00:59:46] Markus: of 

[00:59:46] Markus: interest, 

[00:59:47] Markus: um, 

[00:59:47] Markus: to 

[00:59:48] Markus: cosmologists?

[00:59:49] Guadaloupe: Yeah. 

[00:59:49] Guadaloupe: [00:59:50] Artificial in inte these days, given how complicated our modeling is becoming, because

[00:59:56] Guadaloupe: as I said,

[00:59:57] Guadaloupe: we really need to understand well of 

[00:59:59] Guadaloupe: our [01:00:00] instruments. 

[01:00:00] Guadaloupe: You really need 

[01:00:01] Guadaloupe: to understand. 

[01:00:02] Guadaloupe: Extremely in detail, all the systematic, so all these effects that you really need to take into account.

[01:00:09] Guadaloupe: [01:00:10] Otherwise you can't get tech energy, uh, signatures, um,

[01:00:14] Guadaloupe: mistaken mm-hmm.

[01:00:15] Guadaloupe: By something else. Um, you need to rely on artificial [01:00:20] intelligence to 

[01:00:20] Guadaloupe: be able 

[01:00:20] Guadaloupe: to do 

[01:00:21] Guadaloupe: the

[01:00:21] Guadaloupe: computations. Mm-hmm. 

[01:00:22] Guadaloupe: So

[01:00:22] Guadaloupe: people believe that artificial intelligence will one day come and potentially say instead of like, okay, yo uh, Dr. [01:00:30] Guadalupe Ra I, um, will be relevant.

[01:00:33] Guadaloupe: And in terms of answering the question, what is the best cosmological 

[01:00:37] Guadaloupe: model 

[01:00:37] Guadaloupe: that 50 observations, 

[01:00:39] Guadaloupe: [01:00:40] I 

[01:00:40] Guadaloupe: think

[01:00:41] Guadaloupe: that, yeah,

[01:00:43] Guadaloupe: artificial intelligence will definitely not be there anytime 

[01:00:47] Guadaloupe: soon. 

[01:00:48] Guadaloupe: And 

[01:00:48] Guadaloupe: definitely not 

[01:00:49] Guadaloupe: in 

[01:00:49] Guadaloupe: the [01:00:50] timescale 

[01:00:50] Guadaloupe: of answering the question, what is the nature of that energy, but it offers a really powerful tool to give us scientists and cosmologists the [01:01:00] opportunity to perform.

[01:01:02] Guadaloupe: Computations that otherwise will be 

[01:01:04] Guadaloupe: impossible. 

[01:01:05] Guadaloupe: Something really 

[01:01:07] Guadaloupe: straightforward.

[01:01:08] Guadaloupe: We

[01:01:08] Guadaloupe: are taking pictures of [01:01:10] the deep

[01:01:10] Guadaloupe: space. We have galaxies, we have stars, we have other 

[01:01:13] Guadaloupe: objects. 

[01:01:14] Guadaloupe: We 

[01:01:15] Guadaloupe: don't have enough human 

[01:01:15] Guadaloupe: eyes to

[01:01:16] Guadaloupe: classify. so you classify exactly 

[01:01:17] Guadaloupe: to 

[01:01:18] Guadaloupe: classify, 

[01:01:19] Guadaloupe: um,[01:01:20] 

[01:01:20] Guadaloupe: in. I use artificial intelligence and machine learning in my work to be able to perform the statistical analysis that we need to carry it out to compare [01:01:30] these really complicated and complex models of the predictions of our universe with CLE data, really at 

[01:01:37] Guadaloupe: the level 

[01:01:38] Guadaloupe: of

[01:01:38] Guadaloupe: purely

[01:01:38] Guadaloupe: fitting mm-hmm.

[01:01:39] Guadaloupe: [01:01:40] Data. So having some points with some error reverse 

[01:01:43] Guadaloupe: and trying 

[01:01:43] Guadaloupe: to find the best,

[01:01:45] Guadaloupe: the best fit

[01:01:46] Guadaloupe: all over the

[01:01:47] Guadaloupe: data, the

[01:01:47] Guadaloupe: best line theoretical line that will fit all that [01:01:50] data. I'll need to

[01:01:51] Guadaloupe: rely this days on artificial intelligence. Otherwise,

[01:01:55] Guadaloupe: these 

[01:01:55] Guadaloupe: computations

[01:01:56] Guadaloupe: will 

[01:01:56] Guadaloupe: take 

[01:01:57] Guadaloupe: months 

[01:01:58] Guadaloupe: to 

[01:01:58] Markus: to 

[01:01:58] Markus: be 

[01:01:58] Markus: accomplished.

[01:01:58] Markus: This is the [01:02:00] obvious assistance of ai, but what I would like, like to find out is as to if it can also conceptually support, 

[01:02:09] Markus: [01:02:10] because 

[01:02:10] Markus: to me, 

[01:02:10] Markus: ai, 

[01:02:13] Markus: I'm. 

[01:02:14] Markus: Uh, 

[01:02:15] Markus: in 

[01:02:15] Markus: the creative 

[01:02:15] Markus: industries. So my job is to pre [01:02:20] be creative and come up with new ideas. So AI has never really impressed me with novel ideas 

[01:02:28] Markus: I 

[01:02:28] Markus: would 

[01:02:28] Markus: never 

[01:02:28] Markus: think 

[01:02:29] Markus: of, 

[01:02:29] Markus: [01:02:30] but 

[01:02:30] Markus: it 

[01:02:30] Markus: would 

[01:02:32] Markus: give 

[01:02:32] Markus: me hints 

[01:02:33] Markus: to think in certain directions.

[01:02:36] Markus: So when I, for example, I would prompt an ai, give me [01:02:40] five suggestions for this, and that it will give me five suggestions, and I would go like, oh, three 

[01:02:46] Markus: is 

[01:02:46] Markus: interesting, 

[01:02:47] Markus: and 

[01:02:47] Markus: this 

[01:02:48] Markus: inspires 

[01:02:49] Markus: me to [01:02:50] think 

[01:02:50] Markus: in a 

[01:02:50] Markus: certain 

[01:02:50] Markus: direction. 

[01:02:52] Guadaloupe: Yeah. 

[01:02:52] Guadaloupe: I Could 

[01:02:52] Guadaloupe: this 

[01:02:52] Guadaloupe: be something 

[01:02:53] Guadaloupe: of 

[01:02:53] Guadaloupe: interest 

[01:02:54] Guadaloupe: Yeah. Well,

[01:02:55] Guadaloupe: this 

[01:02:55] Guadaloupe: is 

[01:02:55] Guadaloupe: already happening 

[01:02:56] Guadaloupe: in 

[01:02:56] Guadaloupe: the sense that. 

[01:02:58] Guadaloupe: We, scientists 

[01:02:59] Guadaloupe: are [01:03:00] pretty much detectives of 

[01:03:02] Guadaloupe: what 

[01:03:02] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:03:02] Guadaloupe: data can potentially 

[01:03:03] Guadaloupe: tell us.

[01:03:04] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. 

[01:03:04] Guadaloupe: The

[01:03:04] Guadaloupe: more data you can process, the more patterns you can find on the data, the more [01:03:10] you can 

[01:03:10] Guadaloupe: think 

[01:03:10] Guadaloupe: forward in 

[01:03:11] Guadaloupe: terms 

[01:03:12] Guadaloupe: of, 

[01:03:12] Guadaloupe: okay, 

[01:03:12] Guadaloupe: what's 

[01:03:12] Guadaloupe: next? Mm-hmm. 

[01:03:13] Guadaloupe: And this 

[01:03:14] Guadaloupe: is something where we

[01:03:17] Guadaloupe: get

[01:03:17] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:03:17] Guadaloupe: help of machine learning and artificial [01:03:20] intelligence to be able to give us indications of something that is not going well or is not going 

[01:03:28] Guadaloupe: the way 

[01:03:28] Guadaloupe: that 

[01:03:28] Guadaloupe: we 

[01:03:28] Guadaloupe: thought.

[01:03:29] Guadaloupe: For [01:03:30] instance, um, Euclid is operating front space.

[01:03:33] Guadaloupe: we have

[01:03:33] Guadaloupe: the sun behind us, but relatively the sun is, is, is close to the spacecraft. We know that the [01:03:40] sun is producing like really high, uh, energy particles and some, our detectors, our cameras actually traced 

[01:03:47] Guadaloupe: some of 

[01:03:48] Guadaloupe: these 

[01:03:48] Guadaloupe: particles, 

[01:03:49] Guadaloupe: what we 

[01:03:49] Guadaloupe: call 

[01:03:49] Guadaloupe: [01:03:50] cosmic 

[01:03:50] Guadaloupe: race. Mm-hmm. 

[01:03:51] Guadaloupe: And

[01:03:52] Guadaloupe: like what you see 

[01:03:53] Guadaloupe: in 

[01:03:53] Guadaloupe: the images are 

[01:03:54] Guadaloupe: like 

[01:03:54] Guadaloupe: really thin,

[01:03:56] Guadaloupe: the straight,

[01:03:56] Guadaloupe: li ray that they're covering. The, we, [01:04:00] we really try to filter 

[01:04:01] Guadaloupe: that

[01:04:01] Guadaloupe: with 

[01:04:01] Guadaloupe: machine 

[01:04:01] Guadaloupe: learning. 

[01:04:02] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. 

[01:04:03] Guadaloupe: But 

[01:04:03] Guadaloupe: something that

[01:04:04] Guadaloupe: we have discovered really recently, um, also with this happening in other, in other. Like in [01:04:10] other, um, surveys or 

[01:04:12] Guadaloupe: in other 

[01:04:13] Guadaloupe: experiments is that

[01:04:15] Guadaloupe: once that we start processing further the data, we had classify 

[01:04:18] Guadaloupe: like 

[01:04:19] Guadaloupe: really short [01:04:20] cosmic race as 

[01:04:20] Guadaloupe: really elongated.

[01:04:21] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm.

[01:04:22] Guadaloupe: And 

[01:04:22] Guadaloupe: really,

[01:04:23] Guadaloupe: uh, lensed

[01:04:24] Guadaloupe: galaxies. And you only get to see that when you have rely on machine learning. When you tell them [01:04:30] like, okay, from all the millions of shapes of galaxies, 

[01:04:32] Guadaloupe: well you 

[01:04:33] Guadaloupe: have classified 

[01:04:33] Guadaloupe: as 

[01:04:33] Guadaloupe: galaxies.

[01:04:35] Guadaloupe: uh, 

[01:04:35] Guadaloupe: tell us 

[01:04:36] Guadaloupe: if

[01:04:36] Guadaloupe: basically, 

[01:04:37] Guadaloupe: um, 

[01:04:38] Guadaloupe: those shapes 

[01:04:39] Guadaloupe: kind 

[01:04:39] Guadaloupe: of 

[01:04:39] Guadaloupe: make [01:04:40] sense.

[01:04:40] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm.

[01:04:41] Guadaloupe: And then you get to see, okay, no, they are like a population 

[01:04:44] Guadaloupe: of 

[01:04:44] Guadaloupe: objects, that 

[01:04:45] Guadaloupe: they are 

[01:04:45] Guadaloupe: too elongated.

[01:04:46] Guadaloupe: That they are really looking weird. 

[01:04:48] Guadaloupe: And it already keeps you [01:04:50] thinking, okay, no. So most likely my filtering of the cosmic trace and the filtering of the rotator is not taking place the way 

[01:04:56] Guadaloupe: that it should. 

[01:04:57] Guadaloupe: This is 

[01:04:57] Guadaloupe: a really 

[01:04:58] Guadaloupe: stupid 

[01:04:58] Guadaloupe: example. 

[01:04:59] Guadaloupe: [01:05:00] But at the end of the day, 

[01:05:01] Guadaloupe: we are 

[01:05:01] Guadaloupe: repeating 

[01:05:02] Guadaloupe: and 

[01:05:02] Guadaloupe: repeating 

[01:05:02] Guadaloupe: this almost 

[01:05:03] Guadaloupe: in 

[01:05:03] Guadaloupe: every 

[01:05:03] Guadaloupe: single

[01:05:03] Guadaloupe: process. 

[01:05:04] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. And

[01:05:05] Guadaloupe: without machine learning, we will not have the possibility to encounter [01:05:10] like some of these many things that potentially can go wrong in 

[01:05:14] Guadaloupe: the, in the 

[01:05:15] Guadaloupe: processes, in 

[01:05:15] Guadaloupe: the processing pipeline,

[01:05:16] Guadaloupe: in 

[01:05:17] Guadaloupe: the analysis of the data.

[01:05:18] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. Now, 

[01:05:18] Guadaloupe: in terms 

[01:05:19] Guadaloupe: more from the 

[01:05:19] Guadaloupe: [01:05:20] theory side, 

[01:05:22] Guadaloupe: um, 

[01:05:22] Guadaloupe: what

[01:05:23] Guadaloupe: we're using

[01:05:26] Guadaloupe: artificial intelligence mostly is in a speeding up [01:05:30] boosting 

[01:05:30] Guadaloupe: and 

[01:05:30] Guadaloupe: answering 

[01:05:31] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:05:31] Guadaloupe: question of,

[01:05:33] Guadaloupe: okay,

[01:05:33] Guadaloupe: I have this alternative theory.

[01:05:34] Guadaloupe: It is 

[01:05:35] Guadaloupe: really 

[01:05:35] Guadaloupe: worth going through all the pain and the sweat [01:05:40] and the work that it requires to compare it against the data. Or can we use some signatures or

[01:05:45] Guadaloupe: some

[01:05:46] Guadaloupe: patterns that are easier 

[01:05:47] Guadaloupe: to be 

[01:05:48] Guadaloupe: identified that [01:05:50] will allow us to say, before going 

[01:05:52] Guadaloupe: into 

[01:05:52] Guadaloupe: getting our hands dirty.

[01:05:53] Guadaloupe: Hey, is this, model does make sense? worth make? Exactly.

[01:05:56] Guadaloupe: Does it make sense? So this is,

[01:05:57] Guadaloupe: uh, a

[01:05:58] Guadaloupe: really promising [01:06:00] work, um, in the field that it is called machine learning model selection. 

[01:06:03] Guadaloupe: I'm 

[01:06:04] Guadaloupe: actually working on 

[01:06:05] Guadaloupe: that actively. Um,

[01:06:07] Guadaloupe: so just to give us some hint and to ease our [01:06:10] work

[01:06:10] Guadaloupe: farther. If I have

[01:06:11] Guadaloupe: like a pile of 100 theories that I would like to test against, data resources are pretty limited at

[01:06:17] Guadaloupe: the end of the

[01:06:17] Guadaloupe: day in terms of computation, human, so on [01:06:20] and so forth.

[01:06:20] Guadaloupe: So you really wanna see 

[01:06:22] Guadaloupe: which 

[01:06:22] Guadaloupe: ones 

[01:06:22] Guadaloupe: you put 

[01:06:22] Guadaloupe: in the 

[01:06:23] Guadaloupe: pile of, 

[01:06:23] Guadaloupe: okay, 

[01:06:24] Markus: let's make 

[01:06:24] Markus: it

[01:06:24] Markus: happen. Do 

[01:06:25] Markus: do you have your own LLMs or do you 

[01:06:28] Markus: work 

[01:06:29] Markus: with the 

[01:06:29] Markus: [01:06:30] public 

[01:06:30] Markus: ones? 

[01:06:30] Markus: I

[01:06:30] Guadaloupe: usually work with public ones or with some, uh, within the Euclid Consortium. In the, in general, within the 

[01:06:36] Guadaloupe: scientific community. Mm-hmm. 

[01:06:38] Guadaloupe: Um, 

[01:06:39] Guadaloupe: [01:06:40] we.

[01:06:40] Guadaloupe: based our work

[01:06:41] Guadaloupe: in open science and most of us are really strong defenses of open science.

[01:06:48] Guadaloupe: So if you develop something, [01:06:50] you put it on the community, you always side back just to give the, the, well, the acknowledgement 

[01:06:56] Guadaloupe: that

[01:06:56] Guadaloupe: it is. pretty much necessary, but also [01:07:00] appreciated from the community. So we are all benefit from growing up and making things more stable or making things like suitable for all the different problems.

[01:07:09] Guadaloupe: So 

[01:07:09] Guadaloupe: [01:07:10] at 

[01:07:10] Guadaloupe: the end 

[01:07:10] Guadaloupe: of 

[01:07:10] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:07:10] Guadaloupe: day, you ended up 

[01:07:11] Guadaloupe: having like some hybrid,

[01:07:13] Guadaloupe: Um,

[01:07:14] Guadaloupe: algorithms that they're based on, some public libraries from general. [01:07:20] Machine learning providers, if you wanna call them like that, but that you modify. But then

[01:07:23] Guadaloupe: maybe some other people will

[01:07:24] Guadaloupe: modify farther. And I think this is one of the most beautiful things that we are seeing now with

[01:07:29] Guadaloupe: not

[01:07:29] Guadaloupe: only with [01:07:30] modern cosmology, but with astronomy or with physics, that we are pretty much getting oil and gene in the open science [01:07:40] approach, uh, with firm principles, which is something

[01:07:41] Guadaloupe: that I really, 

[01:07:42] Guadaloupe: really, 

[01:07:42] Guadaloupe: really,

[01:07:42] Guadaloupe: like and I 

[01:07:43] Guadaloupe: feel 

[01:07:44] Guadaloupe: deeply 

[01:07:44] Guadaloupe: connected 

[01:07:45] Guadaloupe: to.

[01:07:45] Guadaloupe: Wow. 

[01:07:47] Markus: I'm 

[01:07:47] Markus: still awed by you. 

[01:07:49] Markus: [01:07:50] The, 

[01:07:50] Markus: the notion you 

[01:07:51] Markus: made 

[01:07:51] Markus: about 

[01:07:52] Markus: looking 

[01:07:53] Markus: 10 

[01:07:53] Markus: billion years. 

[01:07:55] Markus: Into 

[01:07:56] Markus: deep 

[01:07:56] Markus: space. 

[01:07:58] Markus: What 

[01:07:58] Markus: is out there? 

[01:07:59] Markus: What 

[01:07:59] Markus: do 

[01:07:59] Markus: you [01:08:00] think is, 

[01:08:00] Markus: is 

[01:08:01] Markus: behind 

[01:08:01] Markus: there? 

[01:08:02] Markus: Does 

[01:08:03] Markus: this place in at a distance of 10 billion light years look like 

[01:08:09] Markus: [01:08:10] the place, 

[01:08:11] Markus: like our galaxy? Is, is, 

[01:08:13] Markus: is 

[01:08:13] Markus: a, is 

[01:08:14] Markus: a, 

[01:08:15] Markus: is space 

[01:08:15] Markus: a 

[01:08:15] Markus: homogeneous 

[01:08:16] Markus: place?

[01:08:17] Guadaloupe: So 

[01:08:17] Guadaloupe: this is 

[01:08:18] Guadaloupe: indeed, 

[01:08:18] Guadaloupe: um,[01:08:20] 

[01:08:20] Guadaloupe: very

[01:08:21] Guadaloupe: interesting question.

[01:08:21] Guadaloupe: This is actually one question that, um, we are trying to answer 

[01:08:26] Guadaloupe: within 

[01:08:27] Guadaloupe: Euclid. 

[01:08:27] Guadaloupe: So 

[01:08:29] Guadaloupe: you [01:08:30] don't send, as I said before, like a really expensive spacecraft to space without having a really

[01:08:35] Guadaloupe: solid scientific case.

[01:08:37] Guadaloupe: And now

[01:08:38] Guadaloupe: I'm going to extend [01:08:40] that statement. You don't send such a expensive spacecraft 

[01:08:43] Guadaloupe: having 

[01:08:43] Guadaloupe: only one 

[01:08:44] Guadaloupe: single scientific user

[01:08:46] Guadaloupe: case.

[01:08:47] Guadaloupe: There 

[01:08:47] Guadaloupe: is

[01:08:47] Guadaloupe: tons of things that you can do with nuclear data, [01:08:50] like in so many different

[01:08:51] Guadaloupe: aspects. like of

[01:08:52] Guadaloupe: course, the. Ultimate goal, understanding the nature of that energy, saying something about that matter. But with the data that you have that provides [01:09:00] like really fast statistics, 'cause you have like so

[01:09:02] Guadaloupe: much

[01:09:03] Guadaloupe: data you can answer these questions.

[01:09:05] Guadaloupe: Like 

[01:09:05] Guadaloupe: for instance, 

[01:09:05] Guadaloupe: is the universe, 

[01:09:06] Guadaloupe: uh, isotropic

[01:09:08] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. Is 

[01:09:08] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:09:08] Guadaloupe: universe 

[01:09:09] Guadaloupe: [01:09:10] homogeneous? Mm-hmm. Has the 

[01:09:11] Guadaloupe: homogeneity 

[01:09:12] Guadaloupe: of the universe 

[01:09:13] Guadaloupe: change over 

[01:09:14] Guadaloupe: cosmic 

[01:09:14] Guadaloupe: time. Mm-hmm. 

[01:09:15] Guadaloupe: So within the Euclid Consortium, uh, apart from being a very [01:09:20] dedicated scientist, I'm also a very dedicated scientist right now with coordination responsibilities.

[01:09:25] Guadaloupe: So I'm the coordinate, I'm the coordinator for model extensions, uh, 

[01:09:29] Guadaloupe: beyond the

[01:09:29] Guadaloupe: [01:09:30] standard cosmological model.

[01:09:31] Guadaloupe: for the first, uh, Euclid cosmological data release. And this 

[01:09:35] Guadaloupe: is 

[01:09:35] Guadaloupe: one of 

[01:09:36] Guadaloupe: the questions that we have very, uh, brave [01:09:40] scientist, uh, willing to answer behind, um, which is really saying something 

[01:09:45] Guadaloupe: about the 

[01:09:46] Guadaloupe: homogeneity of our universe.

[01:09:47] Guadaloupe: How does our universe look like [01:09:50] between now 

[01:09:50] Guadaloupe: and. 

[01:09:52] Guadaloupe: Few 

[01:09:52] Guadaloupe: billion light years, um, behind us or in the past. Uh, so that would be between Redshift, I, I was saying 

[01:09:58] Guadaloupe: before Redshift zero 

[01:09:59] Guadaloupe: [01:10:00] and 

[01:10:00] Guadaloupe: Redshift 

[01:10:01] Guadaloupe: two,

[01:10:02] Guadaloupe: pretty much

[01:10:03] Guadaloupe: it 

[01:10:03] Guadaloupe: looks

[01:10:04] Guadaloupe: very

[01:10:05] Guadaloupe: similar.

[01:10:06] Guadaloupe: Like 

[01:10:07] Guadaloupe: if

[01:10:07] Guadaloupe: I will give you in terms of 

[01:10:09] Guadaloupe: like images, 

[01:10:09] Guadaloupe: [01:10:10] it 

[01:10:10] Guadaloupe: is not 

[01:10:10] Guadaloupe: the, 

[01:10:10] Guadaloupe: sadly you're gonna 

[01:10:11] Guadaloupe: see

[01:10:12] Guadaloupe: fewer

[01:10:12] Guadaloupe: galaxies 

[01:10:13] Guadaloupe: or you're 

[01:10:14] Guadaloupe: gonna 

[01:10:14] Guadaloupe: see like

[01:10:16] Guadaloupe: galaxies

[01:10:17] Guadaloupe: that not anymore are as spiral galaxies.

[01:10:19] Guadaloupe: And 

[01:10:19] Guadaloupe: [01:10:20] they tend to 

[01:10:20] Guadaloupe: be regular because the

[01:10:21] Guadaloupe: gravity didn't have the time to, to, to make them rotate with 

[01:10:26] Guadaloupe: throw momentum 

[01:10:27] Guadaloupe: and 

[01:10:27] Guadaloupe: they 

[01:10:27] Guadaloupe: start forming the arms.

[01:10:28] Guadaloupe: Um,[01:10:30] 

[01:10:30] Guadaloupe: they will 

[01:10:31] Guadaloupe: be 

[01:10:31] Guadaloupe: really, 

[01:10:32] Guadaloupe: really similar. And this is the challenge. We know that something is happening between that time and us, which is that [01:10:40] our 

[01:10:40] Guadaloupe: expansion 

[01:10:40] Guadaloupe: of 

[01:10:40] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:10:40] Guadaloupe: universe 

[01:10:41] Guadaloupe: has 

[01:10:41] Guadaloupe: started to accelerate, 

[01:10:44] Guadaloupe: but 

[01:10:44] Guadaloupe: you wouldn't see 

[01:10:45] Guadaloupe: it.

[01:10:45] Guadaloupe: You will 

[01:10:45] Guadaloupe: only see this effect.

[01:10:48] Guadaloupe: When

[01:10:48] Guadaloupe: us started

[01:10:49] Guadaloupe: [01:10:50] millions 

[01:10:50] Guadaloupe: billions 

[01:10:51] Guadaloupe: of 

[01:10:51] Guadaloupe: this 

[01:10:51] Guadaloupe: galaxies

[01:10:53] Guadaloupe: statistically. 

[01:10:54] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. 

[01:10:54] Guadaloupe: Um, 

[01:10:55] Guadaloupe: so

[01:10:55] Guadaloupe: you think about it is doing a statistics [01:11:00] with so much data because otherwise 

[01:11:03] Guadaloupe: it 

[01:11:03] Guadaloupe: will still be invisible 

[01:11:05] Guadaloupe: to 

[01:11:05] Guadaloupe: us. Um, it's not like, for instance, 

[01:11:08] Guadaloupe: going to. [01:11:10] 

[01:11:10] Guadaloupe: Reshift 10. 

[01:11:11] Guadaloupe: So really 

[01:11:12] Guadaloupe: what 

[01:11:12] Guadaloupe: we call 

[01:11:13] Guadaloupe: close 

[01:11:14] Guadaloupe: to the

[01:11:14] Guadaloupe: years where The first stars

[01:11:16] Guadaloupe: and the 

[01:11:16] Guadaloupe: first galaxies is 

[01:11:17] Guadaloupe: starting to be infor, uh, to be 

[01:11:19] Guadaloupe: formed [01:11:20] 

[01:11:20] Guadaloupe: with 

[01:11:20] Guadaloupe: cle.

[01:11:21] Guadaloupe: We 

[01:11:21] Guadaloupe: are 

[01:11:21] Guadaloupe: building 

[01:11:21] Guadaloupe: this wide

[01:11:22] Guadaloupe: catalog. Uh,

[01:11:23] Guadaloupe: which is the, the, the catalog of one third of the sky. We will like to, and we are planning, and actually [01:11:30] this quick data release that we are having next week is, uh, going a little bit deeper. So you click of course, 

[01:11:36] Guadaloupe: if 

[01:11:36] Guadaloupe: you 

[01:11:37] Guadaloupe: let it 

[01:11:37] Guadaloupe: be and let it absorb more photons. [01:11:40] It had the possibility to go deeper in magnitude, so that means accessing objects that are even farther

[01:11:45] Guadaloupe: away. but we'll never 

[01:11:46] Guadaloupe: have 

[01:11:47] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:11:47] Guadaloupe: capacity to

[01:11:48] Guadaloupe: discern [01:11:50] to discover something as, oh wow.

[01:11:52] Guadaloupe: Let's see how 

[01:11:52] Guadaloupe: our 

[01:11:52] Guadaloupe: universe was looking

[01:11:53] Guadaloupe: like 

[01:11:53] Guadaloupe: when 

[01:11:54] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:11:54] Guadaloupe: first stars were formed. 

[01:11:55] Guadaloupe: Euclid is 

[01:11:56] Guadaloupe: an 

[01:11:57] Guadaloupe: exercise of really big data.

[01:11:59] Guadaloupe: [01:12:00] and

[01:12:00] Guadaloupe: doing a statistics with really large data sets. And only by understanding this large data set and the statistics behind it is when we get to access 

[01:12:08] Guadaloupe: to 

[01:12:08] Guadaloupe: answer 

[01:12:08] Guadaloupe: those 

[01:12:08] Guadaloupe: questions.

[01:12:09] Guadaloupe: [01:12:10] Really 

[01:12:10] Guadaloupe: important 

[01:12:10] Guadaloupe: in cosmology.

[01:12:11] Guadaloupe: Fantastic. 

[01:12:13] Guadaloupe: The 

[01:12:13] Guadaloupe: obvious 

[01:12:14] Guadaloupe: question that 

[01:12:14] Guadaloupe: needs 

[01:12:15] Guadaloupe: to be 

[01:12:15] Guadaloupe: asked, 

[01:12:15] Guadaloupe: do you 

[01:12:16] Guadaloupe: think we're 

[01:12:16] Guadaloupe: alone?

[01:12:17] Guadaloupe: Oh, yes. Uh, that question. Not, [01:12:20] not, oh yes. About

[01:12:21] Guadaloupe: like whether we are alone, 

[01:12:22] Guadaloupe: but 

[01:12:22] Guadaloupe: yes, indeed. 

[01:12:23] Guadaloupe: Like 

[01:12:23] Guadaloupe: one 

[01:12:23] Guadaloupe: of the questions

[01:12:25] Guadaloupe: that

[01:12:25] Guadaloupe: I 

[01:12:25] Guadaloupe: always 

[01:12:26] Guadaloupe: get asked,

[01:12:27] Guadaloupe: Definitely 

[01:12:27] Guadaloupe: not. 

[01:12:28] Guadaloupe: We 

[01:12:28] Guadaloupe: are 

[01:12:28] Markus: alone. 

[01:12:29] Markus: Definitely [01:12:30] 

[01:12:30] Guadaloupe: not. 

[01:12:30] Guadaloupe: I like 

[01:12:30] Guadaloupe: that 

[01:12:30] Guadaloupe: one. 

[01:12:31] Guadaloupe: That was 

[01:12:31] Guadaloupe: very 

[01:12:32] Guadaloupe: definitely 

[01:12:32] Guadaloupe: not, uh,

[01:12:33] Guadaloupe: I don't think, 

[01:12:35] Guadaloupe: look,

[01:12:36] Guadaloupe: I

[01:12:36] Guadaloupe: think that there are many different aspects that [01:12:40] as mankind make us unique. Um,

[01:12:45] Guadaloupe: and

[01:12:45] Guadaloupe: I think that everyone, everything 

[01:12:47] Guadaloupe: up 

[01:12:47] Guadaloupe: to some sense 

[01:12:49] Guadaloupe: is unique 

[01:12:49] Guadaloupe: on its 

[01:12:49] Guadaloupe: [01:12:50] own, 

[01:12:51] Guadaloupe: but 

[01:12:51] Guadaloupe: we 

[01:12:51] Guadaloupe: can't be 

[01:12:53] Guadaloupe: what 

[01:12:53] Guadaloupe: it makes 

[01:12:53] Guadaloupe: us,

[01:12:55] Guadaloupe: um,

[01:12:56] Guadaloupe: Think and what 

[01:12:57] Guadaloupe: it makes 

[01:12:57] Guadaloupe: us, uh, potentially [01:13:00] access to answer these questions 

[01:13:02] Guadaloupe: that 

[01:13:02] Guadaloupe: we 

[01:13:02] Guadaloupe: have about 

[01:13:02] Guadaloupe: the universe,

[01:13:04] Guadaloupe: that 

[01:13:04] Guadaloupe: chemistry

[01:13:05] Guadaloupe: behind, 

[01:13:05] Guadaloupe: that 

[01:13:05] Guadaloupe: biology 

[01:13:06] Guadaloupe: behind 

[01:13:08] Guadaloupe: cannot 

[01:13:08] Guadaloupe: be unique 

[01:13:09] Guadaloupe: in 

[01:13:09] Guadaloupe: [01:13:10] the sense 

[01:13:10] Guadaloupe: of

[01:13:12] Guadaloupe: we 

[01:13:12] Guadaloupe: are in a pretty 

[01:13:13] Guadaloupe: much 

[01:13:13] Guadaloupe: average planet 

[01:13:14] Guadaloupe: mm-hmm.

[01:13:15] Guadaloupe: Using 

[01:13:15] Guadaloupe: pretty 

[01:13:16] Guadaloupe: much average ordinary 

[01:13:17] Guadaloupe: matter

[01:13:19] Guadaloupe: in 

[01:13:19] Guadaloupe: a 

[01:13:19] Guadaloupe: very [01:13:20] beautiful

[01:13:21] Guadaloupe: solar system neighborhood. 

[01:13:22] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. But 

[01:13:23] Guadaloupe: at the 

[01:13:23] Guadaloupe: end of 

[01:13:23] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:13:23] Guadaloupe: day, 

[01:13:23] Guadaloupe: with 

[01:13:24] Guadaloupe: a 

[01:13:24] Guadaloupe: pretty 

[01:13:24] Guadaloupe: much 

[01:13:24] Guadaloupe: average

[01:13:25] Guadaloupe: star 

[01:13:27] Guadaloupe: in

[01:13:27] Guadaloupe: a pretty much average spiral galaxy, [01:13:30] which is our Mickey way, like 

[01:13:32] Guadaloupe: I'm 

[01:13:32] Guadaloupe: seeing 

[01:13:33] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:13:33] Guadaloupe: spiral galaxies 

[01:13:35] Guadaloupe: in Euclid 

[01:13:36] Guadaloupe: every 

[01:13:37] Guadaloupe: single 

[01:13:37] Guadaloupe: day. 

[01:13:38] Guadaloupe: Like 

[01:13:38] Guadaloupe: hundreds of 

[01:13:38] Guadaloupe: them,[01:13:40] 

[01:13:40] Guadaloupe: Pretty 

[01:13:40] Guadaloupe: much

[01:13:41] Guadaloupe: average 

[01:13:41] Guadaloupe: all 

[01:13:42] Guadaloupe: of them, 

[01:13:43] Guadaloupe: um, in a pretty much average area 

[01:13:46] Guadaloupe: of 

[01:13:47] Guadaloupe: our universe, 

[01:13:48] Guadaloupe: uh, 

[01:13:48] Guadaloupe: which is our 

[01:13:49] Guadaloupe: local group.[01:13:50] 

[01:13:50] Guadaloupe: Uh. In 

[01:13:51] Guadaloupe: a 

[01:13:51] Guadaloupe: pretty much average universe because it's not that our universe has, it's really 

[01:13:57] Guadaloupe: intriguing 

[01:13:58] Guadaloupe: and 

[01:13:58] Guadaloupe: there 

[01:13:58] Guadaloupe: are many things that we don't understand, [01:14:00] 

[01:14:01] Guadaloupe: but 

[01:14:01] Guadaloupe: it's pretty much a standard. It is not that we are, uh, we need to rely on coming up with new, um, [01:14:10] okay. There energy definitely is something that we need to understand and it is 70%.

[01:14:14] Guadaloupe: But we could also potentially explain 

[01:14:16] Guadaloupe: that by 

[01:14:16] Guadaloupe: revisiting our 

[01:14:17] Guadaloupe: loss of 

[01:14:17] Guadaloupe: gravity 

[01:14:19] Guadaloupe: it's [01:14:20] so highly

[01:14:21] Guadaloupe: unlikely. At the end of the day, my job consists on doing a statistics. I do a statistics with cosmology. I'm a cosmologist. I'm not gonna say that I'm 

[01:14:29] Guadaloupe: a 

[01:14:29] Guadaloupe: [01:14:30] statistician, otherwise 

[01:14:30] Guadaloupe: my husband, the statistician 

[01:14:31] Guadaloupe: will 

[01:14:32] Guadaloupe: kill me.

[01:14:32] Guadaloupe: But 

[01:14:33] Guadaloupe: in

[01:14:33] Guadaloupe: any case, 

[01:14:34] Guadaloupe: uh,

[01:14:35] Guadaloupe: it's so unlikely

[01:14:37] Guadaloupe: that 

[01:14:37] Guadaloupe: we're Alone.[01:14:40] 

[01:14:40] Guadaloupe: I think that the question that is worth answering, uh, or thinking about answering or start even asking more is. We 

[01:14:48] Guadaloupe: will ever 

[01:14:49] Guadaloupe: have 

[01:14:49] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:14:49] Guadaloupe: [01:14:50] possibility to 

[01:14:50] Guadaloupe: contact 

[01:14:53] Guadaloupe: other, 

[01:14:54] Guadaloupe: I'm 

[01:14:54] Guadaloupe: not gonna say people, aliens, or we will have the possibility to see or to get [01:15:00] in contact with other forms of life in the universe.

[01:15:04] Guadaloupe: I think 

[01:15:04] Guadaloupe: I think that is the question that really, um, we should 

[01:15:07] Guadaloupe: start 

[01:15:08] Guadaloupe: putting 

[01:15:08] Guadaloupe: more 

[01:15:09] Guadaloupe: focus 

[01:15:09] Guadaloupe: on, [01:15:10] 

[01:15:10] Markus: on 

[01:15:10] Markus: our 

[01:15:10] Markus: head. I, I, 

[01:15:11] Markus: I,

[01:15:11] Markus: think 

[01:15:13] Markus: I'd rather 

[01:15:14] Markus: we 

[01:15:14] Markus: are 

[01:15:14] Markus: alone because it's too frustrating 

[01:15:18] Markus: to 

[01:15:18] Markus: know someone 

[01:15:19] Markus: is 

[01:15:19] Markus: out 

[01:15:19] Markus: [01:15:20] there. I 

[01:15:20] Markus: will 

[01:15:20] Markus: be 

[01:15:20] Markus: never 

[01:15:20] Markus: able 

[01:15:21] Markus: to visit. 

[01:15:22] Markus: That's profoundly 

[01:15:24] Markus: frustrating. 

[01:15:24] Markus: So 

[01:15:24] Markus: I'd 

[01:15:25] Markus: rather be 

[01:15:25] Markus: alone. 

[01:15:26] Guadaloupe: You'd rather be alone.

[01:15:27] Guadaloupe: Uh, I mean, I, maybe I have already [01:15:30] come up with my terms that actually we are not alone. Uh, but in exactly the same way that I know that I will not visit all the countries of this fantastic planet Earth. It doesn't mean that I will [01:15:40] have the possibility to meet everyone 

[01:15:41] Guadaloupe: out there within the universe.

[01:15:43] Guadaloupe: Hopefully, maybe that will be, uh, more into the terms of sci-fi. But what we thought that it [01:15:50] was sci-fi like 700 years ago wasn't 

[01:15:53] Guadaloupe: anymore now. 

[01:15:54] Guadaloupe: Right?

[01:15:56] Guadaloupe: Who knows?

[01:15:56] Guadaloupe: Maybe, uh, in the very, [01:16:00] uh, long-term future, we'll have access to some other 

[01:16:03] Guadaloupe: kind 

[01:16:04] Guadaloupe: of

[01:16:04] Guadaloupe: communication 

[01:16:06] Guadaloupe: That 

[01:16:06] Guadaloupe: will allow

[01:16:06] Guadaloupe: us to answer like that

[01:16:08] Guadaloupe: question.

[01:16:09] Guadaloupe: Mm-hmm. That, okay. [01:16:10] So do we, 

[01:16:11] Guadaloupe: can 

[01:16:11] Guadaloupe: we 

[01:16:12] Guadaloupe: get 

[01:16:12] Guadaloupe: in 

[01:16:12] Guadaloupe: contact

[01:16:12] Guadaloupe: with 

[01:16:13] Guadaloupe: other 

[01:16:13] Guadaloupe: forms 

[01:16:14] Guadaloupe: of life 

[01:16:14] Guadaloupe: out

[01:16:15] Guadaloupe: there? Mm-hmm. 

[01:16:15] Guadaloupe: Uh. Through shortcuts? 

[01:16:18] Guadaloupe: Yeah. Yeah.

[01:16:19] Guadaloupe: But 

[01:16:19] Guadaloupe: definitely, 

[01:16:19] Guadaloupe: no, 

[01:16:19] Guadaloupe: [01:16:20] I 

[01:16:20] Guadaloupe: don't 

[01:16:20] Guadaloupe: think 

[01:16:20] Guadaloupe: that 

[01:16:20] Guadaloupe: we 

[01:16:20] Guadaloupe: are

[01:16:20] Guadaloupe: alone. 

[01:16:21] Guadaloupe: No. 

[01:16:23] Markus: Gu 

[01:16:23] Markus: loop. Would 

[01:16:24] Markus: you 

[01:16:26] Markus: be 

[01:16:27] Markus: ready 

[01:16:27] Markus: to go 

[01:16:27] Markus: into space 

[01:16:28] Markus: if 

[01:16:28] Markus: the 

[01:16:28] Markus: call 

[01:16:28] Markus: came, 

[01:16:29] Markus: if 

[01:16:29] Markus: someone asked 

[01:16:29] Guadaloupe: [01:16:30] you?

[01:16:30] Guadaloupe: Oh, I must

[01:16:32] Guadaloupe: admit 

[01:16:33] Guadaloupe: that. 

[01:16:33] Guadaloupe: I 

[01:16:33] Guadaloupe: don't think

[01:16:34] Guadaloupe: so. 

[01:16:35] Markus: And 

[01:16:35] Guadaloupe: the 

[01:16:35] Guadaloupe: reason is 

[01:16:36] Guadaloupe: that, 

[01:16:36] Guadaloupe: Um, 

[01:16:39] Guadaloupe: I

[01:16:39] Guadaloupe: think that I will [01:16:40] go, because at the end of 

[01:16:41] Guadaloupe: the day, I'm 

[01:16:41] Guadaloupe: driven by

[01:16:42] Guadaloupe: challenges. I'm driven by discovery, and I have this innate curiosity that really makes me [01:16:50] thrive

[01:16:50] Guadaloupe: in so

[01:16:51] Guadaloupe: many different aspects of cosmology. I started as a theoretical cosmologist, now I'm going more towards observation and I have questions

[01:16:59] Guadaloupe: about so

[01:16:59] Guadaloupe: [01:17:00] many different things. So 

[01:17:01] Guadaloupe: I 

[01:17:01] Guadaloupe: think that 

[01:17:02] Guadaloupe: ultimately I will say, 

[01:17:04] Guadaloupe: okay, if this 

[01:17:04] Guadaloupe: is 

[01:17:05] Guadaloupe: just one life chance, I'll just 

[01:17:07] Guadaloupe: take

[01:17:07] Guadaloupe: it. Uh,

[01:17:09] Guadaloupe: [01:17:10] myself, pursuing actively 

[01:17:12] Guadaloupe: a 

[01:17:12] Guadaloupe: career as 

[01:17:13] Guadaloupe: an 

[01:17:13] Guadaloupe: astronaut.

[01:17:14] Guadaloupe: No, I am feeling like really comfortable in this planet Earth. I think that I can [01:17:20] make some impact in my planet, uh, 

[01:17:24] Guadaloupe: comfort zone. 

[01:17:25] Guadaloupe: I 

[01:17:25] Guadaloupe: must admit 

[01:17:25] Guadaloupe: that I'm a ordinary afraid of flying,

[01:17:27] Guadaloupe: even though that doesn't

[01:17:29] Guadaloupe: [01:17:30] stop me to perform like collaboratively science all over the world. Um, but yeah, like 

[01:17:35] Guadaloupe: I think 

[01:17:36] Guadaloupe: that I 

[01:17:36] Guadaloupe: will do it because I will not like 

[01:17:39] Guadaloupe: to be

[01:17:39] Guadaloupe: at the [01:17:40] end of 

[01:17:40] Guadaloupe: my 

[01:17:40] Guadaloupe: life 

[01:17:40] Guadaloupe: thinking 

[01:17:41] Guadaloupe: what

[01:17:42] Guadaloupe: you

[01:17:42] Guadaloupe: did not do it because of fear. Like, no, definitely 

[01:17:45] Guadaloupe: not. 

[01:17:46] Guadaloupe: I

[01:17:46] Guadaloupe: will 

[01:17:46] Guadaloupe: do 

[01:17:46] Guadaloupe: it,

[01:17:46] Guadaloupe: but,

[01:17:47] Guadaloupe: uh,

[01:17:49] Guadaloupe: I still

[01:17:49] Guadaloupe: don't. [01:17:50] I believe that are many things that we can still do from, from here. Like that requires our work and dedication. And this

[01:17:58] Guadaloupe: is, and

[01:17:59] Guadaloupe: this is [01:18:00] where I'm definitely willing 

[01:18:01] Guadaloupe: to continue 

[01:18:01] Guadaloupe: pursuing 

[01:18:02] Guadaloupe: and, 

[01:18:03] Guadaloupe: and 

[01:18:03] Guadaloupe: working 

[01:18:03] Guadaloupe: hard.

[01:18:05] Markus: provided 

[01:18:06] Markus: you had to go 

[01:18:08] Markus: by 

[01:18:08] Markus: force. 

[01:18:09] Markus: [01:18:10] Um, 

[01:18:10] Markus: traveling in space is 

[01:18:13] Markus: exciting, 

[01:18:14] Markus: but can quickly 

[01:18:15] Markus: become 

[01:18:15] Markus: boring because of the vast distances. 

[01:18:18] Markus: So 

[01:18:18] Markus: we thought, we set up 

[01:18:19] Markus: [01:18:20] a 

[01:18:20] Markus: playlist on Spotify

[01:18:22] Markus: and ask 

[01:18:23] Markus: each guest, each guest of the Space Cafe podcast to contribute one tune, 

[01:18:29] Markus: one 

[01:18:29] Markus: piece 

[01:18:29] Markus: of [01:18:30] music 

[01:18:30] Markus: they 

[01:18:30] Markus: would not 

[01:18:31] Markus: want 

[01:18:32] Markus: to miss.

[01:18:33] Markus: On that very boring journey, 

[01:18:35] Markus: which 

[01:18:35] Markus: piece of 

[01:18:36] Markus: music 

[01:18:36] Markus: would 

[01:18:36] Markus: you 

[01:18:37] Markus: want 

[01:18:37] Markus: to 

[01:18:37] Markus: put on 

[01:18:38] Guadaloupe: that 

[01:18:38] Guadaloupe: playlist? 

[01:18:38] Guadaloupe: I, yeah, [01:18:40] this is such, a, any kind, of question. Uh, any kind of song. Oh my God, I really love this 

[01:18:45] Guadaloupe: question. 

[01:18:45] Guadaloupe: It's 

[01:18:46] Guadaloupe: amazing. 

[01:18:47] Guadaloupe: Um,

[01:18:49] Guadaloupe: you

[01:18:49] Guadaloupe: know, [01:18:50] I think something that set me apart, 

[01:18:54] Guadaloupe: uh, 

[01:18:54] Guadaloupe: as a 

[01:18:54] Guadaloupe: theoretical cosmologist 

[01:18:55] Guadaloupe: is 

[01:18:55] Guadaloupe: that 

[01:18:56] Guadaloupe: I'm, 

[01:18:57] Guadaloupe: I'm 

[01:18:57] Guadaloupe: very.

[01:18:59] Guadaloupe: I am [01:19:00] very friendly

[01:19:00] Guadaloupe: and really

[01:19:01] Guadaloupe: talkative, and I

[01:19:03] Guadaloupe: really like to bring people together.

[01:19:05] Guadaloupe: And I think that one, this is one of the reasons why, like beyond being a [01:19:10] scientist, I'm also an 

[01:19:10] Guadaloupe: sport 

[01:19:11] Guadaloupe: instructor,

[01:19:12] Guadaloupe: So I'm

[01:19:12] Guadaloupe: a Zumba instructor, which means that I have music pretty much all my weak alone in my classes. I [01:19:20] definitely think that I will choose something like powerful maybe with, uh,

[01:19:24] Guadaloupe: me rhythm, like something fast, something that I will hear [01:19:30] at least once per day, a short, I don't know, two minutes and a half song that will

[01:19:35] Guadaloupe: basically Yeah, energize me. Um, that it has to

[01:19:39] Guadaloupe: be 

[01:19:39] Guadaloupe: as [01:19:40] stupid. 

[01:19:40] Guadaloupe: It could not be a song that has like deep lyrics 

[01:19:43] Guadaloupe: that will 

[01:19:43] Guadaloupe: make me think or will 

[01:19:44] Guadaloupe: make 

[01:19:45] Guadaloupe: me feel nostalgic.

[01:19:46] Guadaloupe: I think that it has

[01:19:47] Guadaloupe: to be something like really 

[01:19:48] Guadaloupe: catchy 

[01:19:49] Guadaloupe: [01:19:50] with 

[01:19:50] Guadaloupe: probably like in

[01:19:51] Guadaloupe: something like, 

[01:19:51] Guadaloupe: like what?

[01:19:52] Guadaloupe: Like what I think, uh, I

[01:19:55] Guadaloupe: don't 

[01:19:55] Guadaloupe: know, 

[01:19:55] Guadaloupe: maybe some, um.

[01:19:59] Guadaloupe: yeah,

[01:19:59] Guadaloupe: so [01:20:00] something 

[01:20:00] Guadaloupe: like,

[01:20:03] Guadaloupe: like it's a very, uh, catchy sound and it gets repeated like in eight, like in groups of eight.

[01:20:09] Guadaloupe: So it's really [01:20:10] easy to get within in the zone or maybe something more actual. 

[01:20:13] Guadaloupe: Um,

[01:20:14] Guadaloupe: like

[01:20:15] Guadaloupe: there is a really powerful Zumba song that it is 

[01:20:17] Guadaloupe: called

[01:20:19] Guadaloupe: [01:20:20] that is really, really 

[01:20:20] Guadaloupe: stupid.

[01:20:21] Guadaloupe: So

[01:20:21] Guadaloupe: it 

[01:20:21] Guadaloupe: will 

[01:20:21] Guadaloupe: be like something,

[01:20:23] Guadaloupe: again, really short,

[01:20:24] Guadaloupe: two 

[01:20:24] Guadaloupe: minutes 

[01:20:25] Guadaloupe: and 

[01:20:25] Guadaloupe: 30 seconds, but 

[01:20:26] Guadaloupe: it 

[01:20:26] Guadaloupe: has 

[01:20:26] Guadaloupe: like 

[01:20:26] Guadaloupe: a 

[01:20:27] Guadaloupe: lot 

[01:20:27] Guadaloupe: of, 

[01:20:27] Guadaloupe: a 

[01:20:27] Guadaloupe: lot 

[01:20:27] Guadaloupe: of 

[01:20:27] Guadaloupe: energy.

[01:20:28] Markus: Something 

[01:20:28] Markus: like 

[01:20:29] Markus: that. 

[01:20:29] Markus: Cool. Definitely

[01:20:29] Guadaloupe: a meringue.[01:20:30] 

[01:20:30] Markus: fantastic. One last question. This is the Space Cafe podcast now, and then you go to coffee places to energize yourself with coffee. I challenge you to share [01:20:40] a shot of inspiration and espresso for the mind with me, with the audience.

[01:20:45] Markus: What could be a shot of inspiration you'd like to share? 

[01:20:48] Markus: Any 

[01:20:49] Markus: idea, 

[01:20:49] Markus: any 

[01:20:49] Markus: [01:20:50] topic you 

[01:20:50] Markus: think 

[01:20:51] Markus: could 

[01:20:51] Markus: be 

[01:20:52] Markus: inspiring?

[01:20:56] Guadaloupe: Well, I

[01:20:56] Guadaloupe: think that I will take this opportunity, my

[01:20:58] Guadaloupe: expresso will [01:21:00] go to the next generation of cosmologists. 

[01:21:04] Guadaloupe: Um, 

[01:21:06] Guadaloupe: I am

[01:21:07] Guadaloupe: starting to develop my career as an [01:21:10] independent, uh, scientist and to start asking myself like, questions about the universe that might potentially look like crazy. Uh, but I [01:21:20] am now able to put like some, uh, scientific, um, wisdom 

[01:21:24] Guadaloupe: of knowledge 

[01:21:25] Guadaloupe: behind 

[01:21:26] Guadaloupe: it.

[01:21:26] Guadaloupe: So

[01:21:27] Guadaloupe: I 

[01:21:27] Guadaloupe: will just 

[01:21:29] Guadaloupe: [01:21:30] advise 

[01:21:30] Guadaloupe: if you 

[01:21:31] Guadaloupe: have 

[01:21:31] Guadaloupe: like some, any kind 

[01:21:32] Guadaloupe: of curiosity 

[01:21:33] Guadaloupe: on you.

[01:21:34] Guadaloupe: Do something.

[01:21:36] Guadaloupe: And even if it is just on your smartphone or even better, [01:21:40] like, 'cause you would 

[01:21:41] Guadaloupe: get 

[01:21:41] Guadaloupe: to 

[01:21:41] Guadaloupe: get 

[01:21:42] Guadaloupe: attached 

[01:21:42] Guadaloupe: to that 

[01:21:42] Guadaloupe: memory, 

[01:21:43] Guadaloupe: have 

[01:21:43] Guadaloupe: just on a small notebook.

[01:21:45] Guadaloupe: And if

[01:21:45] Guadaloupe: there is some idea, random idea that you have during 

[01:21:49] Guadaloupe: the day, 

[01:21:49] Guadaloupe: [01:21:50] just write it down.

[01:21:51] Guadaloupe: Like write it down and just make 

[01:21:53] Guadaloupe: me 

[01:21:53] Guadaloupe: a 

[01:21:53] Guadaloupe: favor like 

[01:21:54] Guadaloupe: 10, 15 days after.

[01:21:56] Guadaloupe: Just

[01:21:57] Guadaloupe: have a 

[01:21:57] Guadaloupe: look 

[01:21:57] Guadaloupe: at the 

[01:21:57] Guadaloupe: list.

[01:21:58] Guadaloupe: Just have a look 

[01:21:59] Guadaloupe: at what [01:22:00] 

[01:22:00] Guadaloupe: has

[01:22:00] Guadaloupe: been populating that, uh, list 

[01:22:02] Guadaloupe: on your 

[01:22:03] Guadaloupe: smartphone or 

[01:22:04] Guadaloupe: in this 

[01:22:04] Guadaloupe: small notebook 

[01:22:05] Guadaloupe: that you might 

[01:22:05] Guadaloupe: have.

[01:22:06] Guadaloupe: And then ask yourself again, 

[01:22:08] Guadaloupe: would you

[01:22:09] Guadaloupe: repeat 

[01:22:09] Guadaloupe: that [01:22:10] question 

[01:22:10] Guadaloupe: if

[01:22:11] Guadaloupe: circumstances will change.

[01:22:13] Guadaloupe: Sometimes you get inspiration just because you're chatting with friends because there is something that you saw that makes you connect [01:22:20] with something. Now I want you to repeat the same question, but based on the environment that you have around 

[01:22:24] Guadaloupe: you. 

[01:22:25] Guadaloupe: And think 

[01:22:25] Guadaloupe: if 

[01:22:25] Guadaloupe: you could like 

[01:22:26] Guadaloupe: give 

[01:22:26] Guadaloupe: it 

[01:22:26] Guadaloupe: a 

[01:22:26] Guadaloupe: twist 

[01:22:27] Guadaloupe: or what it meant

[01:22:28] Guadaloupe: and

[01:22:29] Guadaloupe: you will 

[01:22:29] Guadaloupe: be 

[01:22:29] Guadaloupe: [01:22:30] surprised that 

[01:22:30] Guadaloupe: this will help 

[01:22:32] Guadaloupe: you

[01:22:33] Guadaloupe: thinking

[01:22:33] Guadaloupe: out of the box a lot.

[01:22:35] Guadaloupe: And for me, it 

[01:22:36] Guadaloupe: has been 

[01:22:36] Guadaloupe: definitely 

[01:22:37] Guadaloupe: something that, 

[01:22:38] Guadaloupe: uh, [01:22:40] made me come up with really

[01:22:41] Guadaloupe: interesting ideas and I thought that they were crazy. And not necessarily, and they range it from not only physics, cosmology, but even how to do [01:22:50] better in my Zumba classes. 

[01:22:51] Guadaloupe: Like get 

[01:22:51] Guadaloupe: more students into movement. Um, so yeah, just start, start thinking about that.

[01:22:57] Guadaloupe: Even just with your morning coffee, [01:23:00] like every morning, like just write down whatever crazy idea you might have over the 

[01:23:04] Guadaloupe: day. 

[01:23:04] Guadaloupe: And 

[01:23:04] Guadaloupe: then 

[01:23:05] Guadaloupe: thinking 

[01:23:05] Guadaloupe: again 

[01:23:06] Guadaloupe: like 

[01:23:06] Guadaloupe: in few 

[01:23:06] Guadaloupe: days 

[01:23:06] Guadaloupe: after.

[01:23:08] Markus: Gu Alu. 

[01:23:08] Guadaloupe: Thank 

[01:23:08] Guadaloupe: you so much for taking 

[01:23:09] Guadaloupe: the [01:23:10] time.

[01:23:10] Guadaloupe: Yeah. Thank you 

[01:23:10] Markus: so 

[01:23:11] Markus: much 

[01:23:11] Markus: for 

[01:23:11] Markus: the invitation. 

[01:23:11] Markus: It's been 

[01:23:12] Markus: a pleasure.

[01:23:14] Markus: And that is a wrap, my friends, for a literally [01:23:20] stellar episode. I loved the notion when she said that it's one of the greatest tragedies in space marketing ever to have labeled dark [01:23:30] matter, dark matter, because it's just not, it's just, well, we've talked about it quite, um, at length, so. [01:23:40] Why don't you like right after this, sit down, grab a pen, grab a something to write like a piece of paper, and write down [01:23:50] your craziest ideas you've ever thought of, and then revisit them in a week from now.

[01:23:57] Markus: I think it's a, it's a [01:24:00] fantastic. Experiment you could do. Thanks to the shot of inspiration that g Guadalupe just shared with us. Thank you [01:24:10] Guadalupe for poking our brains, for inspiring our minds. If you, my friends, like what we do here, [01:24:20] consider sharing this episode with someone you like, with someone you feel like.

[01:24:27] Markus: You would like to surprise, [01:24:30] you would like to rekindle a conversation or strike up a conversation perhaps with the stranger. And how cool can it get to talk about topics [01:24:40] like this Anyways, um, there is something new. You can leave us a voice note. Um, if you want. Let me check. [01:24:50] Um, what was it again? It's, um.

[01:24:54] Markus: No, I'll add it. I'm so sorry for that. I'll add that to the show notes. [01:25:00] It's a URL where you can like very easily drop us a voice note and perhaps be featured in next in our next [01:25:10] episode. So if you have always wanted to share. Um, a suggestion for a guest you'd like to hear what you'd like to see, or [01:25:20] just let us know how we could improve our show.

[01:25:22] Markus: This is one of the places, and of course there is Substack. So why don't you head over to [01:25:30] Substack. It's a fantastic place if you like, really want to read in depth information. Still pretty much. [01:25:40] Void of any social media blurbs and, um, what is it called? [01:25:50] Stupidities. Um. Time consuming black holes. I think that's what I was gonna, what, what I was trying to [01:26:00] refer to.

[01:26:00] Markus: Yeah. Substack is a pretty cool place. So why don't you check out, um, human ca, uh, not human chaos. It's, um, the Space Cafe podcast [01:26:10] on Substack. Well, yeah. Um, leave us a rating or two. Or a review on your favorite podcast platforms. And other than that, I'm really [01:26:20] looking forward to surprising you, hopefully surprising you in two weeks from now.

[01:26:25] Markus: Until then, bye-bye. Take good care